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child devolopment

Terms in this set (51)

germinal period
(0-2 weeks) rapid cell division of zygote
embryonic period
(2-8 weeks) formation of major organs
fetal period
(8 weeks- birth) organs are organized and their functions determined
teratogens
substances that cause birth defect if they reach the womb
critical period
time during pregnancy when most damage can happen to baby
mono zygotic
identical twins from one fertilized egg
dizygotic
fraternal twins from two fertilized eggs
reflexs
inherited, unlearned response to stimuli
rooting reflex
touching cheek and baby turns head for source of food
temperment
babies have patterns both motor and emotional responses
types of babies
1. easy
2. difficult
3. slow to warm up
4. average
how babies and parents communicate
by imitating each other (sounds and facial expressions)
three tasks of infancy
1. protect oneself from harmful stimuli
2. get food they need
3. social contact
habituation
getting used to something
dishabituation
recognizing something is new, unique
babies prefer
objects with cantours
complex objects
whole faces
Piaget's stages of cognitive development: Sensory motor stage
(birth -2 years)
knows if something exists (environment)
cause and effect of actions
object permanence
imitates crudely the actions of others (parents and siblings)
Piaget's stages of cognitive development: proprietorial stage
2-6 years
egocentric
language and mental representations develop
objects are classified on one characteristic
Piaget's stages of cognitive development :concrete operations stage
7-12 years
develop conservation of volume, length and mass
organized objects into ordered categories
understand bigger above and below
use simple logic
Piaget's stages of cognitive development
sensory motor stage (birth -2 years)
prepositional stage (2-6 years)
concrete operations stage (7-12 years)
jerome kagan
one must take into account culture when looking at child development
a child's temperament is quite stable over time
Harry harlow
contact comfort, not feeding is the the primary variable determining affection for the parent
strange situation
Mary ainsworth
psychoanalytic approach of play
a. play is used to fulfill children's unconscious wishes and desires
b. play helps them cope with real world problems by action out frightening scenarios (helps them understand)
c. play out fantacies
Vygotsky deferred gratification
control situation (pretend to drive)
assimulation
taking unknown objects and placing into known schema (dribbling a basketball -> dribbling tennis ball)
accomidation
taking unknown objects and placing into different schema (dribbling a basketball -> cant dribble egg)
Piaget's 3 stages of play
1. practice or functional play- explores with play
2. symbolic play
a. constructive play- child uses objects to build other objects
b. dramatic play- create pretend situations
3. games with rules- child is under social construction and moral development
abstract thinking
fantasy play separates the concepts of an object from the real objects (make dolls talk)
vygotsky
fantasy play
contains rules of the situation which develop an childs self regualtion
western psychologists
play is used to practice social skills
socially
vygotsky
rules surface from the role (persona) or situation of the game (if shot have to die)
self regulation
children learn to restrain or inhibit behavior
zone of proximal development
the area between what you can do and what you need help doing
private speech
talk through problem
internalization
older-> private speech in mind
scaffolding
play makes kids move up the ZPD to conquer problems (mature)
vygolsky
a. director play= solitary play
b. fantasy play- games with rules are played with fantasy
Diana bceumrind's parenting styles
demanding high
responsive high
authoritative
have to follow rules like everyone
Diana bceumrind's parenting styles
demanding high
responsive low
authoritarian dictatorial
focused on them slef
Diana bceumrind's parenting styles
demanding low
responsive high
permissive
glad safe but no strick enough
Diana bceumrind's parenting styles
demanding low
responsive low
indifferent
too busy to care
drawing stages
1. random scribbles stage
2. controlled scribble stage
3. naming scribble stage
4. pre schematic stage (free floating)
5. early schematic stage (base line)
6. late schematic stage (map)
7. stage of dawning realism (to make realistic)
Erik Erickson's Psycho-social Stages #1
infancy (0-1)
Trust vs Mistrust
trust somebody will be there to care/feed for you
Erik Erickson's Psycho-social Stages #2
early childhood (2-3)
autonomy vs shame and doubt
exploring on own, potty training, over controlling parents cause children to develop "i cant"
Erik Erickson's Psycho-social Stages #3
middle childhood (3-5)
Initiative vs guilt
want to be independent but feel morally bad to do own thing, won't explore
Erik Erickson's Psycho-social Stages #4
late childhood (6-12)
industry vs inferiority
takes initiative to finish projects, stop pushing yourself because people do it differently
Erik Erickson's Psycho-social Stages #5
adolescence (12-17)
identity vs identity confusion
trying to figure out who they are sexually and socially
Erik Erickson's Psycho-social Stages #6
early adulthood (17-30)
intimacy vs isolation
if they haven't found identity they will fear commitment, until figure out who they are
Erik Erickson's Psycho-social Stages #7
middle adulthood (30-65)
generativity vs stagnation
giving or taking
Erik Erickson's Psycho-social Stages #8
late adulthood (65+)
ego integrity vs ego despair
accept death fulfilled in life or could have been more
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