Chapter 4

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The city-state that ultimately gained control of the entire Mediterranean was
A) Rome
B) Athens
C) Carthage
D) Sparta
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Terms in this set (48)
The city-state that ultimately gained control of the entire Mediterranean was
A) Rome
B) Athens
C) Carthage
D) Sparta
A) Rome
The Roman historian Livy attributed the success of the Romans to
A) The great mineral wealth of Italy
B) The large physical size of the Roman people
C) Their upright character
D) The weakness of all the people they conquered
C) Their upright character
Which was NOT an advantage of the site of Rome?
A) On a river with access to both sea and interior
B) On protecting hills overlooking a fertile plain
C) High in the mountains protected from attack
D) Midway along Italy's western plain fostering trade and commerce
C) High in the mountains protected from attack
The neighboring people that MOST influenced Roman early development were the
A) Etruscans
B) Greeks
C) Gauls
D) Phoenicians
A) Etruscans
The Etruscan monarchy that ruled Rome was overthrown in 509 B.C. by the
A) Roman aristocracy, or patricians
B) Neighboring Greek states
C) Lower class, or plebeians
D) Invasion of the Gauls
A) Roman aristocracy, or patricians
The Roman Republic established in 509 B.C. was
A) A fully democratic government
B) An oligarchy controlled by the rich patricians
C) A socialist regime with property having been equally distributed
D) Indirectly controlled by neighboring Etruscan kings
B) An oligarchy controlled by the rich patricians
In the Roman republic, laws were enacted not by the Senate, but by the
A) Tribal Assembly
B) Censors
C) Vestal Virgins
D) Dictator
A) Tribal Assembly
The "Struggle of the Orders" was between
A) Roman Patricians and Etruscan Patricians
B) Roman Patricians and Roman Plebeians
C) Merchants and farmers
D) Civilians and soldiers
B) Roman Patricians and Roman Plebeians
The "Struggle of orders" between the Patricians and the Plebeians in ancient Rome resulted in
A) The establishment of a permanent dictatorship
B) Wealthy Plebeians achieving virtual equality with the patricians
C) The sack of Rome by the Visigoths
D) The massacre of Patricians by Plebeians
B) Wealthy Plebeians achieving virtual equality with the patricians
The system of patrons and clients in the Roman Republic shows that in practice, government depended heavily on
A) Detailed law codes
B) Informal relations among people
C) The will of the dictator
D) Mob rule
B) Informal relations among people
According to Cicero, Romans, compared to other peoples were A) Far more warlike B) Far more likely to reverence the gods C) Far more individualistic D) Far less loyal to their familiesB) far more likely to reverence the godsWhich of the following was not true about the city of Rome during the later republic? A) The Forum was both the economic and the political center of the city. B) The Subura was the most notorious slum in the city. C) Rome became famous for its clean, efficient disposal of sewage D) There were numerous public baths that catered separately to men and womenC) Rome became famous for its clean, efficient disposal of sewageThe Romans created a united community during their conquest of Italy by A) Granting full or partial citizenship to various Latin communities B) Granting self-government to peoples as long as they supplied troops to Rome and followed Roman foreign policy C) Placing strategic colonies of Roman citizens throughout the peninsula D) All of the aboveD) All of the aboveRoman religion was A) Monotheistic B) Polytheistic with gods and goddesses for practically everything C) Restricted to the worship of only Jupiter and Juno D) A mystery cult open only to those who had been initiated into the secret ritualB) Polytheistic with gods and goddesses for practically everythingIn the Roman family A) Fathers were the primary authority B) Ancestors as well as household gods were worshipped C) Women could wield some political influence through authority over their sons D) All of the aboveD) All of the aboveRoman children were A) Highly valued regardless of sex or state of health B) Given the right to express themselves freely as individuals C) Carefully shaped and disciplined to be obedient and embody Roman values D) Not valued since they interfered with pleasurable livingD) Not valued since they interfered with pleasurable livingWhich activities would one likely find at the bath house besides bathing? A) Massage B) Socializing C) Exercising D) All of the aboveD) All of the aboveThe traditional soldier in the Roman army was a A) Mercenary fighting for hire B) Tax-paying citizen of Rome C) Native of one of the conquered Italian communities D) Member of the poor, propertyless class of citizensB) Tax-paying citizen of RomeCarthage was colonized by the A) Phoenicians B) Greeks C) Egyptians D) EtruscansA) PhoeniciansThe city of Carthage A) Began as a Greek colony B) Had an extensive trading network in the Mediterranean and Africa C) At the time of the Punic Wars was ruled by its great king, Gilgamesh D) All of the aboveB) Had an extensive trading network in the Mediterranean and AfricaThe First Punic War began with a struggle over A) Sicily B) Spain C) Southern Italy D) GreeceA) SicilyIn order to fight a war with Carthage, the Romans A) Added new legions with faster horses and more spears B) Built a navy equipped with ships that enabled soldiers to board the enemy ships C) Allied themselves with the Macedonians D) Hired Greek soldiers since they had more experience at seaB) Built a navy equipped with ships that enabled soldiers to board the enemy shipsAt the end of the First Punic War, the Romans acquired A) Spain B) Greece C) North Africa D) SicilyD) SicilyIn the Second Punic War, Hannibal's strategy was to A) Blockade the Italian coast with the large Carthaginian fleet B) Invade southern Italy with the aid of the Egyptian fleet C) Swiftly cross the Alps into Italy and by winning some big battles persuade Rome's subject peoples to join his side D) Entice the Romans to attack him in Spain and defeat them there with his carefully prepared defensesC) Swiftly cross the Alps into Italy and by winning some big battles persuade Rome's subject peoples to join his sideAlthough Hannibal won some major battles against the Romans A) A plague wiped out his army and he surrendered to Rome B) He was finally surrounded by a large Roman army and defeated at the walls of Rome C) His army deserted him when there was a political crisis back in Carthage D) Most of Rome's allies stayed loyal to Rome, and the Roman delaying tactics eroded his forcesD) Most of Rome's allies stayed loyal to Rome, and the Roman delaying tactics eroded his forcesHannibal was finally defeated in North Africa near Carthage at the Battle of Zama in 202 B.C. by A) Scipio Africanus B) Julius Caesar C) Cato the Elder D) HasdrubalA) Scipio AfricanusAfter the defeat of Carthage in the Second Punic War, Rome fought several wars in the eastern Mediterranean with an unexpected consequence A) The Greeks supported Carthage in the Third Punic War B) Rome neglected its northern frontier, permitting barbarians to invade Italy C) The upper classes of Rome started to become partially Hellenized in their culture D) All of the aboveC) The upper classes of Rome started to become partially Hellenized in their cultureThe Roman senator who provoked the third and last Punic War by constantly repeating that "Carthage must be destroyed" was A) Scipio Africanus B) Fabius Maximus C) Cato the Elder D) Terentius AferC) Cato the ElderOne abusive practice of Roman rule over foreign provinces was A) Roman insistence that all foreigners worship Roman gods B) To allow tax contractors to extract more taxes than had been assessed C) Forcing provincials to exchange their laws and customs for those of Rome D) Giving to all foreigners the status of slavesB) To allow tax contractors to extract more taxes than had been assessedAs a result of the Roman conquest of the Mediterranean, slavery A) Decreased due to the increasing wealth of the Romans who could hire free workers B) Declined under the influence of the Hellenistic monarchies who prohibited slavery C) Increased as large numbers of prisoners of war were sold as slaves D) Stayed the same since Italy didn't need any larger work forceC) Increased as large numbers of prisoners of war were sold as slavesWhich of the following was not true of slavery in ancient Rome? A) Slaves were overwhelmingly non-white B) Slaves included persons used as teachers and physicians C) There were major slave uprisings D) Roman wars brought in so many slaves that the structure of Roman society changedA) Slaves were overwhelmingly non-whiteThe most serious slave revolt in Roman history took place in 73 B.C. when 70,000 slaves revolted under the leadership of A) Brutus B) Cassius C) Publius D) SpartacusD) SpartacusWhich of the following was NOT a factor in the growing disparity between the rich and poor during the second century B.C. A) Small Roman farmers grew rich from the booty that flowed into Italy B) Newly conquered provinces provided opportunities for the ruling class to make new fortunes from governing, tax contracts, slave trading, etc. C) Many common soldiers on long-term campaigns lost their farms to large landholders D) Slave labor replaced free labor, reducing to poverty many citizensA) Small Roman farmers grew rich from the booty that flowed into ItalyThe growing disparity between rich and poor in Rome led to A) A major outward migration from Italy B) The development of a potentially revolutionary mob in Rome C) The enslavement of Roman farmers D) The rejection of Greek cultureB) The development of a potentially revolutionary mob in RomeThe Romans had many engineering accomplishments. Which of these was not one of them? A) Use of concrete B) Building aqueducts C) Building bridges D) Building high spires for their templesD) Building high spires for their templesThe outstanding example of Roman religious architecture, still in use today, is the A) Acropolis B) Ziggurat C) Forum D) PantheonD) PantheonThe career of Publius Terentius Afer demonstrated A) The integrity of the Roman Senate B) The rapaciousness of Roman provincial governors C) The dangers of dictatorship D) That it was possible for a North African slave to become a Roman playwright, noted for the brilliance of his Latin writing.D) That it was possible for a North African slave to become a Roman playwright, noted for the brilliance of his Latin writing.The great Latin orator, statesman, and master of prose was A) Romulus B) Tiberius Gracchus C) Cicero D) HannibalC) CiceroThe Gracchi brothers attempted to redistribute land and make jobs for the poor because A) They wanted to destroy the rich senatorial class B) They were from the plebeian class themselves C) The Roman army needed small citizen farmers and taxpayers to fill its ranks D) The Hellenistic ideal state called for equality of wealthC) The Roman army needed small citizen farmers and taxpayers to fill its ranksThe career of the Gracchi brothers began the decline of the republic because A) Political murder began to be a common policy B) Tribunes of the plebs would use the Tribal Assembly against the Senate C) Supporters of senatorial rule (optimates), became confrontational with supporters of popular rule (populares) D) All of the aboveD) All of the aboveGaius Marius established the Roman army as a professional long-service corps with loyalty to their generals rather than the state by A) Recruiting landless poor men who would owe their livelihood to their general B) Placing soldiers on a payroll, making official the client-patron relationship between soldier and commander C) Distributing land to the soldiers after their term of service D) All of the aboveD) All of the aboveSulla violated the traditional constitution of Rome by A) Holding the dictatorship for an unlimited term B) Murdering his political opponents without trial C) Making the Senate supreme over the assembly by law D) All of the aboveD) All of the aboveThe First Triumvirate A) Was formed to fight Hannibal B) Was a political alliance of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus to bypass most of the formal Roman political structure. C) Established a dictatorship that lasted twenty years D) Became a permanent constitutional feature of the Roman republicB) Was a political alliance of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus to bypass most of the formal Roman political structure.Caesar associated himself politically with the A) Optimates B) Slaves C) Populares D) SenateC) PopularesJulius Caesar achieved supreme power in Rome A) By defeating Pompey and his Senatorial allies B) By agreeing to the Egyptian ambitions of Cleopatra VII C) By a secret alliance with the Senate and the Optimates D) None of the aboveA) By defeating Pompey and his Senatorial alliesWhich of the following reforms did Caesar NOT carry out when he took power? A) Reestablished the Senate and consuls as the chief Roman authority B) Introduced a solar calendar of 365 days and a leap year every four years C) Improved grain distribution to the people, and public works for jobs D) Established Roman colonies for poor, landless citizensA) Reestablished the Senate and consuls as the chief Roman authorityCaesar strayed from traditional Roman custom and politics by A) Accepting a dictatorship for life B) Wearing royal regalia and establishing a priesthood to worship his genius C) Having his image placed on coins D) All of the aboveD) All of the aboveCaesar was assassinated by A) His mutinous troops B) The tribunes of the plebes C) A group of senators D) His chief officer, Mark AntonyC) a group of senators