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Muscular System Test:

Terms in this set (143)

Three Types of Muscular Tissue:
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
Skeletal Muscle Tissue Function
Moves bones of skeleton, used for movement, locomotion, maintain posture.
Voluntary
Only non striated Tissue
Smooth
Cardiac Muscle Tissue Fuction
Pump blood
Cardiac Muscle Tissue Location
Walls of heart
Smooth Muscle Tissue Location
Walls of hollow internal organs
Smooth Muscle Tissue Purpose
Used for visceral movement
Isometric Contraction:
Contract without changing the muscle's length
Isotonic Contraction
Contract causes change in the length of the muscle
Cocentric
Contraction where the muscle shortens
Eccentric
Contraction where the muscle Lengthens
Four Function Groups for Muscle Classification
Prime movers, antagonists, synergists, fixators
Prime Movers (agonist Muscles)
Responsible for producing movement
Antagonists:
Work in reverse of particular movement or prime movers
Synergists:
Help prime movers and aid in stabilizing joints in order to help prevent dislocation
Fixators
Muscle that serves as a stabilizer for one part of the body during movement of another part
Properties of Muscular Tissue
Electrical Excitability, Contractility, Ectensibility, Elasticity
Electrical Excitability
Ability to respond to certain stimulI
(Stimulation produces Contraction)
Contractility
Ability to shorten or contract
Results in increasing tension between ends
Extensibilty
Ability to stretch in response to a force
Elasticity
Ability of Muscular Tissue to return to its original length and shape after contraction
Muscles have at least two points of attachments- an origin that stays still and insertion that moves.
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Muscles attach to bones by either tendons or fleshy connections
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Muscles must cross at least one joint to create movement.
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Muscles shorten as they contract.
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Muscles only pull.
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Muscles work in antagonistic pairs.
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Muscle fibers or tendons ultimately go in the direction of the pull.
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Flexors are on the ventral (front) surface and extensors are on the dorsal (back) surface.
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Muscles shape the bones
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Muscles that cross one joint are for power and stability, and muscles that cross many joints are for speed and ability
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Muscles for speed have parallel fibers (downhill) and muscles for power have fibers that run diagonally at an angle to the length (snow plow)
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Small muscles create subtle movement and big muscles create gross movements
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How does the muscular system works along with the skeletal system in order to create movement in the human body
Tendons and ligaments attach to the bone. Motor neurons get signals from the brain that then contract the muscle.
Anatomy of Motor Unit
group of muscle fibers that all get their signal from the same single motor neuron
◦Larger motor units for gross movements◦
Smaller motor units for fine movements
Anatomy of a muscle
Blood Vessels and Nerves, Connective tissue, Fascicle (Bundle of muscle fibers),
Anatomy of a muscle fiber
Myofibril
Function of the Muscular System
locomotion or mobility, strength, heat production, shock absorption, shaping the body, maintaining posture, and respiration, plays a role in the digestive process
First step of Muscle Contraction
Neuron action potential arrives at end of motor neuron
Second Step of Muscle Contraction
ACH is released
Third Step of Muscle Contraction
ACh binds to receptors on motor end plate
Fourth Step of Muscle Contraction
Permeability of sarcolemma changes (Na rushes in)(an action potential is produced)
Fifth Step of Muscle Contraction
Muscle action potential sweeps into the T tubules triggering
Sixth Step of Muscle Contraction
release of Ca from the cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Seventh Step of Muscle Contraction
CA binds to troponin
Eigth Step of Muscle Contraction
Troponin changes shape and shifts tropomyosin to expose binding sites of actin
Ninth Step of Muscle Contraction
myosin binds to actin (cross bridge is formend)(ADP released from myosin)
Tenth Step of Muscle Contraction
Myosin head pivots (pulling actin)
Eleventh Step of Muscle Contraction
Myosin releases from actin (cross bridge is broken)(another ATP binds to myosin)
Twelfth Step of Muscle Contraction
Myosin re-extends into "ready" position (ATP->ADP+Pi)(ADP is bound to myosin)
Function Frontalis
Raises eyebrow
Location
Skin of eyebrows
Function Sternocleidomastoid
Both sides: flexes neck (as in looking down)One side: cocks head
Location Sternocleidomastoid
Manubrium, clavicle Mastoid process of temporal bone
Function Trapezius
Move shoulder
Location Trapezius
Scapula, and spine
Function Latissimus dorsi
Extension, adduction, medially rotation humerus at shoulder
Location Latissimus dorsi
Ribs, groove of humerus
Function Diaphragm
drops down to enlarge thoracic cavity, causing inspiration
Location Diaphragm
ribs, and lumbar vertebrate
Function Erector spinae
Straighten the back and provide side-to side rotation
Location Erector spinae
Sacrum, and vertically up the entire back
Function Gluteus medius
pull thigh away from mid line
Location Gluteus medius
Covered by other butt muscles
Function Semitendinosus
Extends hip, flexes knee
Location Semitendinosus
medial surface of proximal tibia
Function Biceps femoris
Extends hip, flexes knee, laterally rotates leg
Location Biceps femoris
Head of fibia
Function Semimembranous
Extends hip, flexes knee
Location Semimembranous
Facial tuberosity
Function Orbicularis Oculi
Closes the eyelids
Location Orbicularis Oculi
Outside circle on eye, Skin around the eyelids
Function Temporalis
Closing the mouth, and chewing
Location Temporalis
Side of the skull to the back of the lower j
Function Orbicularis Oris
Movement of the mouth, and lips
Location Orbicularis Oris
Encircles the mouth
Function Soleus
Plantar felxion at the ankle
Location Soleus
Fibula
Function Adductor muscles
Moves hip
Location Adductor muscles
hip
Function Sartorius
Flex, adduct, rotate hip
Location Sartorius
anterior thigh
Function Triceps brachii
extends forearm at elbow (as in lowering a spoon back to the table)
Location Triceps brachii
olcreanin if ulna
Function Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexes wrist
Location Flexor carpi ulnaris
Medial humerus
Function Fibularis muscles
foot movements
Location Fibularis muscles
front calf toward toes
Function Buccinator
Forms the anterior part of the cheek, or the lateral wall of the oral cavity
Location Buccinator
Between cheek bone and jaw bone
Function Zygomaticus Major
Controls Facial Expressions
Location Zygomaticus Major
Starts and cheekbone and extends to the corner of the mouth
Function Masseter
Chewing of solid foods
Location Masseter
Connects the lower jawbone to cheek bone
Function Quadratus Lumborum
Stabilization and movement of the spin and pelvis
Location Quadratus Lumborum
Deep inside the abdomen, Bottom rib to hip
Function External Oblique
Pull chest down, and compress the abdominal captivity
Location External Oblique
Ribs to illiac crest
Function Rectus Abdominus
helps human in maintaining proper posture. It helps in activities that involve flexing of the lumbar region of the vertebral column such as performing abdominal exercises like crunches
Location Rectus Abdominus
Abs
Function Biceps Brachii
Control movement of the shoulder and the elbow
Location Biceps Brachii
Biceps
Function Pectoralis Major
Joint of the shoulder, the sternum,
Location Pectoralis Major
Peca
Function Deltoid
Rotates the arm
Location Deltoid
Shoulder blade to top of arm
Function Gastrocnemius
Flexes the knee and foot
Location Gastrocnemius
Attached to femur, calf muscle
Function Vastus Intermedialis
Flex leg
Location Vastus Intermedialis
Femur, fromnt of thigh
Function Vastus Medialis
Thigh movement
Location Vastus Medialis
Inner thigh
Function Vastus Lateralis
Extend the knee
Location Vastus Lateralis
Outside of thigh
Function Rectus Femoris
Enable knee extension, and hip flexion
Location Rectus Femoris
Middle thigh
Function Tibialis Anterior
Lift the foot up and inwards
Location Tibialis Anterior
Bottom of calf
Function Extensor Digitorum
extend the wrist and the four smallest fingers
Location Extensor Digitorum
Front of arm
Function Gluteus Maximus
Movement of the hip and thigh
Location Gluteus Maximus
Butt
Muscular Dystrophy Risk Factors
Brain Injury or abnormality
Muscular Dystrophy Description
Spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness
Muscular Dystrophy Symptoms
Delayed development, Muscle Tightness
Muscular Dystrophy Treatment
No Cure, Medication for symptoms, physical therapy
Fibromyalgia Description
Muscle Pain
Fibromyalgia Causes
Exact cause is unknown possibly:
Physical Trauma, Abnormal Pain response, sleep disturbances
Fibromyalgia Symptoms
Muscle Pain, Tender points, joint pain
Fibromyalgia Treatment Options
Physical Therapy
Exercise regimen
Massage
Mysathenia Gravis
Neuromuscular disorder that blocks neurotransmitters
Mysathenia Gravis Causes
Age, Auto immune, possible tumor in the thymus
Cerebral Palsy
Spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness
Cerebral Palsy Causes
Brain injury or abnormality, hypoxia, premature birth
Mysathenia Gravis Symptoms
Muscle Weakness, Shortness of breath, swallowing and chewing difficulty
Mysathenia Gravis Treatment
No known cure, Medications, thymectomy
Cerebral Palsy Symptoms
Mild to severe, delayed development, muscle tightness
Cerebral Palsy treatment
Medication, antibiotics, reduce inflammation
Myositis
Inflammation of the muscle
Myositis Causes
Auto immune, Infection, Medication induced
Myositis Symptoms
Muscle weakness, Swelling, tenderness
Myositis Treatment
Medication, Antibiotics, reduce inflammation
What is the most common type of myositis?
polymyositis and dermatomyositis
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