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Nature of Atomic Radiations

Terms in this set (24)

Matter:
Anything that has mass and occupies space
Classical understanding:
an atom is similar to a solar system: nucleus at the center and electrons are revolving around it
Standard model:
up quarks, down quarks and electrons (not covered in this course)
Nucleus
Composed of protons and neutrons
99.998% mass of atom
Positive charge
Orbital electrons
0.002% mass of atom
Negative charge
Nucleus basic particles
Protons (positive charge)
Neutrons (no charge)
Electrons (negative charge), surround the nucleus
Hydrogen (H)
The simplest atom/element
Single proton in nucleus
Most have zero neutrons
One electron (e‐)
Tungsten (W)
Larger atom/element
74 protons in nucleus
On average 109.84 neutrons
74 electrons (e‐)
Atomic Number: Z-number
Number of protons or, same as number of electrons in neutral atom
Ex: W has 74 protons Z=74
Tells us the identity of an element
Atomic mass number: A-number
protons + neutrons = mass number
actual number of neutrons varies some
A-number the decimal point represents
the average mass
number of the element due to different naturally occurring numbers of neutrons
isotopes
Elements with different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons (Z)
Protons determine
the element, neutrons variable based on isotope
Orbital Electrons indicates
location of the
electron in space
Orbital Electrons also referred as
Shells
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