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Polymers

Key Concepts:

Terms in this set (16)

Polymerization
Formation of a chain-like molecule composed of repeating monomers (small units)
Radically-Induced Polymerization
A pi bond is broken in order to form a new sigma bond between monomers
- Hybridization originally sp2, becomes sp3
Elimination Reaction (Condensation)
Polymer formation that includes the loss of water or a small salt
- H2O loss, HCl loss are common
- Nylon formation- common elimination reaction
Polymer Chain Vs. Boiling Point
Longer polymer chains require more energy to break the bonds in order to vaporize
- Higher boiling point

Polymer branching- decreases boiling point due to the lower packing ability of the polymers
Polyethylene Monomer
Double bond (Pi bond) breaks to form a single bond (Sigma bond) between the carbons on two monomers
- HYBRIDIZATION- sp2
Polyethylene Polymer
A single bond (Sigma bond) replaces the double bond in the monomer
- brackets show that the unit repeats, n is a variable depending on how many repeating units are present
- HYBRIDIZATION- sp3
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
Branched polymer is formed
- less packing between molecules is possible resulting in less dispersion forces
- lower boiling point than HDPE
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Non-branched polymer is formed
- more packing between molecules, higher dispersion forces
- higher boiling point than LDPE
Polytetrafluroethylene (Teflon) Monomer
Non-stick cooking material
- High dispersion forces from the electronegative fluorines
Kevlar
Bullet-proof material is composed of this
- Condensation reaction where HCl is lost
--[-CH2-O-CH2-O-CH2-O-CH2-O-]--
What monomers could compose this polymer?
H2C=O (Pi bond break--> Sigma bond formed)
H2-C-(OH)2 (H2O loss, condensation)
Is H2C=O or H2-C-(OH)2 more water soluble?
Why?
H2-C-(OH)2 is more water soluble
- Having 2 hydroxyl groups (OH) allows for the molecule to form more hydrogen bonds with surrounding water molecules
Amylose
Digestible by humans due to the linkage between sugars
Cellulose
Non-digestible by humans due to linkage between sugars
- No enzymes to break these bonds
Natural Rubber
Isoprene monomers
Peptide Bonds
Make up the backbones for proteins
- Condensation reaction (loss of water)
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