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Ch. 22 APWH

Terms in this set (25)

What distinguished the end of the colonial empires
in the second half of the twentieth century from
other cases of imperial disintegration?
The mobilization of masses around a nationalist ideology.
In contrast to the first decolonization of the
Americas in the eighteenth and early nineteenth
centuries, the struggles for independence in Africa,
Asia, and Oceania in the second half of the
twentieth century
resulted in political independence/were mostly achieved peacefully and with little to no struggle.
What represented a fundamental contradiction
that undermined the colonial enterprise in the
second half of the twentieth century?
The ideal of national self-determination was at odds with the denial of independence to colonies
What were changes in the international arena in
the second half of the twentieth century
contributed to the end of European colonial rule?
united nations provided international platform from which to contact anticolonial agitation.
What was a social or economic circumstance within
the European colonies that contributed to
anticolonial movements?
The growing number of Western-educated colonial elites who no longer viewed colonial rule as a vehicle for their people's progress.
What was an initial goal of the Indian National
Congress (INC)?
Gaining positions of influence in British India to protect Indian interest.
In contrast to Indians' struggle for independence in
the twentieth century, black South Africans'
struggle for control of their country was...
waged against an internal community of permanent white settlers who controlled the country.
How did the system of apartheid in South Africa
come to an end?
Through negotiations between the white South African government and black South African nationalist leaders.
In Africa in the early 1980s, what happened to the
political parties that had led the movements for
independence from colonial rule?
Most were soon swept away by military coups.
In Africa, what contributed to the loss of popular
support for the democratic institutions established
in the wake of independence from colonial rule?
Poor economic performance.
What accounts for the resurgence of democracy in
many developing countries in the decades since the
1980s?
The failure of authoritarian governments to address economic and social problems.
Which group of countries has been the most
successful in stimulating economic growth and
industrialization in the late twentieth century?
East Asian Countries
The reforms of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Turkey
in the early twentieth century...
removed Islam from public life.
What resulted from the so-called White Revolution
of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in Iran?
Discontent and resentment that paved the way for an islamic revolution.
What reflects a task of newly independent nation-
states in the aftermath of decolonization in the
second half of the twentieth century?
The building of modern economies, stable politics, and coherent nations.
What countries became a new nation-state in the
late 1940s?
Israel.
What were common characteristic of the leaders of
independence movements in European colonies in
Asia, Africa, and Oceania in the second half of the
twentieth century?
They were educated.
What did all nationalist movements in Asia, Africa,
and Oceania in the second half of the twentieth
century share in common?
The goal of political independence.
What served as a unifying factor in South Asia
before British colonial rule?
geography.
In contrast to previous foreign rulers in India, the
British were the only ones who...
never assimilated into Indian Society.
What characterized Mohandas Gandhi's agenda in
India's struggle for independence?
A nostalgic return to pre-industrial society composed of self sufficient villages.
What describes a feature of the strategy of the
African National Congress in its resistance to the
South African government from 1950 to 1994?
Non violent civil disobedience against apartheid.
Which leader launched a revolutionary but short-
lived program to achieve a peaceful transition to
socialism in the early 1970s?
Salvador Allende.
How did the Ayatollah Khomeini view the
revolution he had launched in Iran?
Asa model for other Islamic countries to follow.
What describes the nature of the process of
decolonization in the island societies of Pacific
Oceania?
peaceful with colonial powers voluntarily relinquishing control.
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