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ISS Final

Terms in this set (83)

Why is the term "Middle America" more accurate for this region than Latin America
Latin america reflects historic power and dominance, and tends to make outsiders out of those people they do not represent
The 1,969-mile land border is the longest in the world to separate a ___ realm, from a _____ realm
Rich, Poor
What are maquiladoras?
Factories owned by foreign companies on the US/Mexico border where products are sent to be manufactured
The Atlantic/Caribbean hurricane season is from ___ to ___
June to December
What is altitudinal zonation?
Vertical regions defined by physical-environmental zones at various elevations, particularly in the highlands of south and middle america. Top to bottom:
-Tierra Helada (nothing grows)
-Tierra Fria (68 degrees, potatoes, wheat, cocaine)
-Tierra Templada (perfect living conditions, coffee)
-Tierra Caliente (hot lands, bananas and maijuana)
What are the 3 causes of tropical deforestation?
Pasture lands, logging/timber, population explosion
The internal focus of each Spanish town was the ____
Plaza
The densely populated "waist" of Mexico is from the state of ___ to the state of ___.
Veracruz State, Eastern Gulf Coast; Jalisco State, Pacific
Today, about 79% of Mexico's population reside in ___ and ___
Towns and Cities
The 3 poorest states of Mexico are
Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero
Where are the richest states located?
On the US/Mexico border.
Bolivian and Peruvian cocaine illegally enters into which part of Mexico?
The Pacific coast states of Guerrero, Michoacan, Colima, Sinaloa
What are the two main languages in Belize?
Spanish, English/Creole
About 90% of the people of Honduras are considered ___
Mestizo
El Salvador is the region's most ___
Densely populated
A Chinese company plans to do what in Nicaragua?
Plan and build a canal capable of accommodating ships twice the new maximum size of panama's
What is the most densely settled region of Costa Rica?
Central highland zone
Which Central American country has the region's highest standard of living?
Costa Rica
What year did the panama canal open?
1914
Why is social stratification so rigid in the Caribbean islands?
Class structure is closely associated with ethnicity
Which 4 islands comprise the Greater Antilles and have 90% of the Caribbean population
Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Jamaica and Puerto Rico
Cuba has the largest ____ and the largest ____ of any Caribbean country
Territory, Population
Jamaica has an almost entirely ____ population
Afro-Caribbean
The poorest country in the western hemisphere is _____
Haiti
What 3 mineral resources are exported from the Dominican Republic?
-Nickel, gold, silver
-Tobacco, coffee, cocoa
Are Puerto Ricans US citizens?
Yes, but they don't pay federal taxes on their local incomes
Which Lesser Antilles country is looking to be a future economic tiger?
Trinidad and Tobago
What is unity of place?
Notion that in a particular locale or region intricate connections exist between climate, geology, biology, and human cultures. laid the foundation for modern geography as an integrative discipline marked by spacial perspective
What is antiplano?
High-elevation plateau, basin, or valley between even higher mountain ranges, especially in the Andes of South America
What were some of the cultural contributions of the Inca?
Expert builders, efficient administrators, farmers/herders, manufacturers, military strategists, their bridges helped unify the vast empire
Describe the pattern of population in South America
Population clusters located on the coast from the north to west and the realms of the major cities were the coastal/near-coastal locations
Indigenous people make up 45% and 55% of the populations of ____ and ____
Peru, Bolivia
Brasil has the largest ____ population
Black
Which 3 countries are the main producers of cocaine?
Columbia, Peru, Bolivia
What is driving the rural to urban migration of South America?
Urbanization is driven by the migration of people from the poverty rural areas to urban cities, seeking opportunity
What region of South America is the most urbanized?
Southern core:
-Argentina
-Chile
-Uruguay
Why has China displaced the USA as the leading trading partner in this region?
New embassies/consulates, buying up companies, partnering joint ventures, financing infrastructure projects and development assistance, and sending/inviting highest-level trade delegations
Why has the country of Columbia failed to thrive?
Poor political leadership
What resource is most important for Venezuela?
Oil
What are the 3 sub regions of Peru?
Desert coast, Sierra, Oriente
What are the 3 sub regions of Ecuador?
Coast, Sierra, Oriente
What is Bolivia considered a severely challenged state?
It's landlocked, physiographically bisected, culturally bifurcated, and economically divided
Today what are Bolivia's 3 sources of foreign revenue?
Natural gas, oil, zinc
Why is Paraguay considered a transitional country?
It is between regions, exhibiting properties of each
Most Argentinians are concentrated in the ____ sub region
Pampas
About 90% of Chile's population is concentrated in _____
Santiago
The economy of Uruguay is based largely upon ____ and ____
Agriculture and tourism
Why is Brasil considered the "giant" of South America?
It has the largest territory and population
Brasil's culture is infused with ____ themes
African
What group of people came to Brasil is 1908?
Japanese
Assess the mineral endowment of Brasil
Brasil is richly endowed with mineral resources, including enormous iron and aluminum ore reserves, extensive tin and manganese deposits, and highly promising oil and gas-fields.
About 60% of Brasil is covered by the ____
Amazon Basin (rainforest)
The modern core of Brasil is the ____ region
southeast
Many people of Portugese, German and Italian descent reside in the ____ region
South
What is the dominant crop of the cerrado region?
soybeans
What is the largest and most rapidly developing subregion of Brasil?
North
What and where is the rift valley area of Africa?
What: deep trenches that form when huge parallel fractures appear in the earth's crust and the strips of crust between them sink to form great, steep-sided, linear valleys
Where: From the Red Sea to Swaziland
Why are the rivers of Africa considered unusual?
Their upper courses frequently head landward, seemingly unrelated to the coast toward which they eventually flow
What is an escarpment?
Where a plateau drops off
Why is Africa called the cradle of humankind?
-Oldest continent
-Human race is traced back to Africa
What was the impact of the slave trade on Africa?
Families, communities, and cultures were destroyed; misery for those surviving in exile. European presence reoriented West Africa's trade routes.
What 1884 conference led to the drawing of some of Africa's political boundaries?
Berlin Conference
Which European countries colonized Africa between 1885 and 1970?
Britain, France, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Spain, and South Africa
How did colonization transform Africa?
Berlin Conference carved out regions that would be split up between the European powers, each European power had their own way of using their power
-Portugese: harsh direct control
-British: Indirect rule, left indigenous power structures in place and made local rulers representatives of the British crown
-French: sought to establish culturally assimilated elites that would disseminate French ideas in the colonies
-Belgium: 10 million people killed due to King Leopold's ruling of exploitation and genocide

Legacy of colonialism: political boundaries, slave trade, official languages (French/english/portuguese/spanish/indigenous)
What are the 4 challenges that African farmers face?
1. Climatic variability
2. Difficulties in their national policy environments
3. Problems in reaching world markets
4. Growing competition from Asian/Latin American agricultural producers

All result in unstable prices/diminishing returns for many commodities
How was the land tenure system of Africa different from that of Europe?
In most of SSA, there are communal rights, instead of individual - where rights to the land are held by chiefs, large extended families, and villages. So users of land only have temporary rights to it; have no right to sell the land and must follow their community leaders
Note the distinct population clusters in SSA
In the areas where people can grow food
What is the vector for Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)?
The tsetse fly
Which 3 countries have over 24% of the population HIV positive?
Lesotho, Swaziland, Botswana
Which 3 countries had the ebola virus in 2014-2015?
Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea
There are ____ plus languages spoken in Africa
2,000
What are "linguae francae"?
A language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different; language many people understand
What are the 2 most common linguae francae in West and East Africa?
-West: Hausa
-East: Swahili
China has investments of more than $55 billion in which areas of Africa?
Tanzania, Zambia, Nigeria, Ghana, South Africa
Which country has the largest population in Africa?
Nigeria
Sharia law is proclaimed in which area of Nigeria?
The 11 northern states
The oilfields of Nigeria are in which region of Nigeria?
Beneath the Niger Delta in the southeast region
Which 4 countries have majority Muslim populations?
Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Chad
Which was the first modern West African country to become independent?
Ghana
Which country was founded in 1822 by freed slaves from the USA?
Liberia
Which country in East Africa is considered the most important from a western perspective
Kenya
Which country has the second largest population in SSA?
Ethiopia
The thriving tourist industry of Kenya is based upon ____ and ____
Magnificent landscapes, wildlife preserves
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