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Era of Good Feelings Test

Terms in this set (44)

Mass production
The production of goods in large quantities through the factory system.
Industrial Revolution
The changes that took place as machines replaced hand tools and large scale factory production developed.
Northern Economic System
- Cash Crops didn't grow well in the North
- The type of land in the North, and the growth of cities created small need for large farms
- Northern farmers usually only grew what their families needed, and purchased items from stores
- By the late 1700s slavery was dying out in the North
Southern Economic System
- Eli Whitney's cotton gin helped to make the south an agricultural Economy
- It separated the seeds from the fibers
- It allowed for southern farmers to grow cotton for a profit
- Cotton began to grow in demand from Great Britain and the North and so even poor farmers in the south began to cultivate this cash
crop and the demand for slaves grew
Eli Whitney
Created the cotton gin
Cotton Gin
- Eli Whitney invented this device that separated seeds from the fibers allowing southern farming and the demand for slaves to grow.
- Made it more efficient to produce cotton
Henry Clay
- Proposed the American system, develop transportation system
- Proposed a plan to unite the North and South to create one strong national economy
- Proposed the Missouri Compromise
- Speaker of the house and ran for president, no one had the majority of the votes so it went to the house
- Clay decided to withdraw from the election once it got to the house
- Clay gave his support to Adams and the House voted for adams as the president
- Jackson called this the Corrupt Bargain
American System
- Develop transportation systems and other internal improvements
- Establish a protective tariff
- Resurrect the national bank
- This "System" consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture.
National Road
Created by the government, it was funded by the collection of tolls from travelers on the turnpikes and highways.
Erie Canal
- Stretching 363 miles, it took 8 years to build, and was used for shipping good to and from the Hudson River.
- Tolls were charged to use the river for shipping goods
Tariff of 1816
- During the War of 1812, British goods were stockpiled in America and so it was cheaper to purchase those left over than to purchase American made goods
- This would place a tariff on imported goods and use the tariffs to build roads, canal, and lighthouses in America
Chief Justice Marshall
The head Supreme Court Justice, he guided the Supreme Court decisions to increase the power of the federal government over the state governments.
Gibbons v. Ogden
- In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the federal government could regulate interstate commerce. (The exclusive right to the waterway was not legal since the route crossed state lines.)
- Ogden was upset about this competition because according to New York law, he should be the only person operating steamboats on this route. Ogden filed a complaint in the Court of Chancery of New York asking the court to stop Gibbons from operating his boats.
- He argued that the U.S. Constitution gave the national government, specifically Congress, the sole power over interstate commerce.
- Ogden said that according to NY law he should be the only one to operate steamboats and Ogden said that both states and federal governments passed laws about interstate trade.
- Gibbons argued that the U.S. Constitution should have the most power over the state constitution and he should be given the right.
- This court case decided who gets power to control interstate trade and the court gave it to the national government. (Gibbons)
McCulloch v. Maryland
- In this case, the idea of implied powers was explained saying that Congress has the right to create a federal bank and that states do not have the right to tax an institution created under the Constitution.
- Maryland
- The state of Maryland decided to pass a bill which decided that they would tax the national bank. They sued James McCulloch for refusing to pay the tax. Maryland won and McCulloch appealed and brought it to the Supreme Court.
- McCulloch brought it to the Supreme Court
- It is understood that the government has the right to do anything necessary and proper for the good of the country. The nation has the implied power to have a bank. Since the bank is a federal entity the state cannot tax it.
John Quincy Adams
He was our Secretary of State who established American foreign policy that was guided by nationalism.
Nationalism
Showing patriotism for one's country
Rush Bagot Treaty
This got the US and Great Britain to reduce the amount of military vessels in the Great Lakes and eventually led the US and Canada to completely demilitarize the border.
Adams Onis Treaty
When Spain became too weak to run their territories in the New World, they gave the US Florida and gave up their rights the Oregon Territory in this legal document.
Convention of 1818
This meeting fixed the US British border at the 49th parallel to the Rocky Mountains.
Manifest Destiny
- God gave America the right to expand
- John 'O'Sullivan coined this term
- The concept that it is a God-given right of Americans to spread out across the continent
-The manifest Destiny is that America will conquer land in the west and god gave us the right to do it
- Reasons for Manifest Destiny
- Changes that occurred in the early Antebellum era (1800-1840) encouraged westward expansion in America
- Jefferson's Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the USA
- Lewis and Clark's exploration of the Louisiana
-Purchase confirmed the potential of the area
- Americans begin to flood into the west looking for new economic opportunities
- The growth of cash crops like cotton and commercial farming led to a desire for more land in the west
- improved transportation such as canals, steamboats, and railroads increased the speed and profitability of the US economy
Monroe Doctrine
(refer to study guide)
Missouri Compromise
- Balance the free and slave states
- ⅗ compromise
- The Missouri Compromise seemed to solve the problem by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, keeping the number of free and slave states equal. It also divided the rest of the Louisiana Purchase into slave and free territory. anything above the 36th 30 line would be free anything below would be a slave state
Election of 1824
- No one had majority of electoral votes, so it went to the House of Representatives between Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams. -
- John Quincy Adams ended up winning it.
- The 12th Amendment is what determined the outcome of the election of 1824
- If Henry clay could use his influence for John Quincy Adams, then he would appoint Clay as secretary of State.
- Henry Clay give his support to John Quincy Adams and the House of Representatives chooses Adams as the President.

- Two weeks later, Adams appointed Henry Clay as his Secretary of State.

- Andrew Jackson cries out corruption and calls this the Corrupt Bargain.

- Jackson promises he would run again for the Presidency in 1828 and would smash Adams.
Corrupt Bargain
Jacksonians called the Election of 1824 this after Henry Clay became John Quincy Adams's Secretary of State.
Andrew Jackson
- Was a war hero
- Had nicknames like "Old Hickory"
- Well liked by the common people
Spoils System
- Influenced by the phrase, "to the victor belongs the spoils of the enemy," Jackson threw out former presidential appointees and replaced them with his own friends.
Indian Removal Act of 1820
- Congress passed this allowing the federal government to provide funds to negotiate treaties that would force Native Americans to move west.
- The Indian Removal Act resettled all eastern Native Americans to lands west of the Mississippi River so that the white settlers could gain control of Indian lands throughout the east, primarily in the states of Georgia, Tennessee, North Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, and the territory of Florida.
- White southerners can economically benefit if they removed the Indians off the land
Worcester v Georgia
- The court case where the Cherokee teamed with this American missionary and won recognition as a political community that could not be regulated. Jackson refused to enforce this decision.
Trail of Tears
The 800 mile winter journey made mainly by foot by 1000 Cherokees - many of whom died along the way.
Treaty of Echota
It gave Native American land to the US in exchange for money
John C Calhoun
Called tariff of 1828, the tariff of abomination, he did not like this tariff, devised a nullification theory , which questioned the legality of applying some federal laws in sovereign states, secretly wrote about tariff views in the South Carolina exposition, VP to Jackson
Tariff of Abominations
Jackson's vice president, John C Calhoun, devised the nullification theory in response to this which was disliked by the South.
Hayne Webster Debate (Senator Robert Hayne and Senator Daniel Webster)
- Hayne was against the tariff while Webster called it a rebellion if the south called the tariff unconstitutional and didn't follow the law.
- Hayne
- Hayne argued that the idea of nullification had drawn support from New Englanders as well as from Southerners. Also, the Hartford Convention, 1814, in new england at the meeting federalists refused to support the war against Great Britain. Which the spoke out in favor of the doctrine of nullification. Lastly, the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions drawn up by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in response to nullify the Alien and Sedition Laws of 1798.
- Webster
- Webster answered Hayne's arguments by stating that this is a nation of the people and not the states that formed the federal Union. The Union could not exist if not part of it can set aside laws of the Congress. Union of people, and the laws apply to the people and if they can't carry it out. Laws of Congress must be followed by everyone.
Nullification Theory
Calhoun came up with this and it questioned the legality of applying some federal laws in sovereign states.
Force Bill
This gave Jackson the right to use the army and the navy against South Carolina if it resisted paying its duties.
Nicholas Biddle
In an attempt to save the BUS he demanded repayment of all loans and refused to make new loans.
Whig Party
Jackson's tactics frightened some Democrats, which lead to them creating their own party. The leaders of this party were Henry Clay, John Adams and Daniel Webster. Backed the ideas of the American System promoted by Henry Clay, federal control of the banking system, and a nationally accepted currency
Martin Van Buren
Jackson's VP who was elected as president, after Jackson, with his help.
Pet Banks
Certain State banks that received the allocation of funds from the Bank of the United states, called pet banks because of their loyalty to the Democratic party
Wild Cat Banks
Some of Jackson's pet banks. They printed bank notes in excess of the amount of deposits they had in gold and silver. They were doomed to fail when people attempted to redeem their currency for gold or silver. These banknotes were worthless and the federal government was left to deal when people used them to purchase land from the government
Specie
Money in form of coins rather than in notes
Panic of 1837
This is when banks closed and the collapse of the credit system cost many people their savings, bankrupted hundreds of businesses.
William Henry Harrison
He was "Tippecanoe" in the campaign slogan, "Tippecanoe and Tyler too!"
Tippecanoe and Tyler too!
William Harrison was Tippecanoe and John Tyler was tyler, this was a presidential election of 1840 slogan
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