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Pathophysiology and Disease Processes Causes

Terms in this set (100)

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
Unknown (possibly autoimmune, genetic, or environmental)
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Obesity, inactivity, and genetics
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Unknown (possibly genetic, excessive insulin)
Hypothyroidism
Autoimmune disease, medications, and thyroid surgery.
Hyperthyroidism
Graves disease, thyroiditis, and plumber's disease.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
Light/fair skin, and sun exposure.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Light/fair skin, sun exposure, and less common than BCC.
Malignant Melanoma
Light/fair skin, and sun exposure.
Acne Vulgaris
Surge of sex hormones during puberty, and excess sebum on skin surface.
Alopecia
Often hereditary, hormone changes, chemotherapy, stress, burns, and fungal skin infections.
Cellulitis
Staphylococcal and streptococcal bacterial infections.
Dermatitis
Multiple causative agents, and contacts with irritants.
Eczema
Unknown (possible allergy or inflammatory condition)
Folliculitis
Shaving or repeated rubbing of shaved area, and bacteria or fungi.
Herpes Simplex
Contact with herpes simplex virus
Impetigo
Staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteria
Pediculosis
Parasitic lice infestation
Psoriasis
Inherited autoimmune disorder
Ringworm
Contact with causative fungus
Rosacea
Dilation of small facial blood vessels, the cause is unknown
Osteoarthritis
Inflammatory processes, and metabolic disorders
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Autoimmune
Bursitis
Overuse, joint trauma, and bacterial infection.
Ewing's Sarcoma Family of Tumors
Unknown, age 10-20 years old, and male sex
Gout
Deposits of uric acid crystals accumulate in joint spaces.
Kyphosis
Growth retardation or improper development of growth plates, and aging and degenerative disk disease contribute to adult onset.
Lordosis
Injury, poor posture, and wearing high heels (inward positioning of back when balancing on balls of feet)
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (brittle bone disease)
Hereditary
Osteoporosis
Hormone deficiencies, sedentary lifestyle, lack of Vitamin D, corticosteroid use (long-term), and smoking.
Osteosarcoma
Unknown
Paget's Disease
Hereditary, and viral.
Scoliosis
Possibly genetic, can begin prenatally during formation of vertebrae, and muscle weakness.
Fibromyalgia
Unknown, exacerbated by sleep deprivation, emotional distress, and depression
Muscular Dystrophy
Hereditary
Myasthenia Gravis
Autoimmune
Tendonitis
Sports-or activity- related
Tetanus
Toxin produced by Clostridum tetani
Hypertension
Narrowing of arteries, increased arterial pressure. Risk factors: obesity, smoking, stimulant use, kidney disease, high sodium intake, excessive alcohol consumption.
Angina
Coronary artery narrowing, atherosclerosis
Coronary Artery Disease (atherosclerosis)
Buildup of fat and cholesterol in arteries. Risk factors: high-fat diet, high LDL levels, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle.
Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
Coronary artery blockage, atherosclerosis, and blood clot.
Aneurysm
Atherosclerosis, smoking, high-cholesterol diet, and obesity.
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, high-cholesterol diet, hypertension.
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Usually unknown, hereditary or related to nervous system disorders.
Thrombophlebitis
Prolonged periods of inactivity, hormone replacement therapy, cancer, paralysis and thrombophlebitis.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
HIV virus
Lymphedema
Parasitic infection, trauma, and surgical removal of lymph nodes.
Mononucleosis
Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Medications, Bacterial infections, autoimmune
Celiac disease
Genetic defect, lack of enzyme that breaks down gluten, consumption of gluten triggers autoimmune reaction.
Asthma
Allergens, pollutants, dust mites, cigarette smoke
Atelectasis
Cystic Fibrosis, COPD, pleurisy, lung cancer, spontaneous
Bronchitis
Viral, environmental pollutants, cigarette smoke
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Smoking, environmental pollutants
Emphysema
Damage to the alveoli caused by cigarette smoke, pollutants, specific types of dust
Influenza
Respiratory virus
Legionnaires' disease
Legionella bacteria that grow in standing water
Pneumonia
Bacterial, viral, parasitic
Pulmonary edema
Congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, heart valve disorders, drowning, and injury
Pulmonary embolism
Blood clot blocking an artery in the lung
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
Viral
Tuberculosis (TB)
Bacterial
Alzheimer's disease
Degenerative brain disease, possibly genetic or environmental
Bell's Palsy
Unknown cause
Seizures
Birth trauma, infections, brain injury, head trauma, drug withdrawal
Meningitis
Bacterial, viral, fungal infection causing inflammation of the meninges
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Viral, genetic, immune system dysfunction
Parkinson's disease
Lack of neurotransmitters, brain tumors, drugs, head trauma
Stroke
Blockage of artery in neck or brain
Migraine headache
Hormones, stress, dietary, familial
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Increased age, increased level of dihydrotestosterone
Hydrocele
Failure of inguinal ring to close properly in development, injury or swelling of the scrotum
Prostate cancer
Unknown, genetics
Sexually transmitted infections
Unprotected contact with infected tissue or fluids
Endometriosis
Unknown
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Untreated STDs/STIs, multiple sexual partners, frequent douching
Cervical Cancer
Particular strains of human papilloma virus (HPV)
Acute kidney failure
Burns, dehydration, hemorrhage, low blood pressure, trauma
Chronic kidney disease
Diabetes, hypertension, kidney stones, polycystic kidney disease
Incontinence
Nervous system disorders, UTI, bladder cancer, prostate disorders
Polycystic kidney disease
Enlarged kidneys due to cysts, inherited
Pyelonephritis
Bladder infection that spreads to kidneys
Renal Calculi
Highly concentrated urine, UTI, Gout
Appendicitis
Idiopathic inflammation of the appendix
Cirrhosis
Scarring of liver, can be autoimmune, medication, alcohol, Hepatitis B or C
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
Insoluble cholesterol and bile salt
Colitis (inflammation of the large intestine)
Viral or bacterial infection
Constipation
Inactivity, lack of fiber and water in diet, medications
Crohn's disease
Inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune
Diverticulitis (abnormal out-pouching of intestinal wall)
Bacterial, viral, parasitic
Hemorrhoids (varicose vein of the rectum or anus)
Constipation, straining during bowel movements, pelvic pressure during pregnancy, childbirth.
Hiatal hernia (part of stomach protrudes through diaphragm into chest cavity)
Unknown cause, smoking, obesity.
Stomach Ulcer
Bacterial infection, smoking, medication
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear
Plant and twist motion of the foot and knee
Concussion
Head impact
Muscle strain
Overexertion of a muscle not properly warmed up for activity level
Epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
Overuse of elbow causing tiny ligament tears
Rotator cuff tear
Repetitive stress of the shoulder joint
Bone fracture
Impact injury resulting in bone cracking or breaking, stress fractures: overuse or repetitive stress
Joint dislocation (subluxations)
Impact injury removing bones from proper joint alignment
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