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Test 2: Quizzes and Homework Assignments

Terms in this set (66)

Give an example of negative feedback hormonal regulation.
Excess of testosterone going to hypothalamus.
Give an example of positive feedback hormonal regulation.
Anterior pituitary stimulates FSH receptor to testis. Calf suckles --> sends signals --> prolactin --> milk production.
What speed response do cell membrane receptors have?
Fast response
What speed response do nuclear receptors have?
Slow response
What speed response do estradiol stimulating myometrial contractions have?
Fast response
What speed response do estradiol stimulating mucous secretion have?
Slow response
What speed response do progesterone stimulating uterine gland secretion have?
Slow response
What speed response do progesterone inhibiting myometrial contractions have?
Fast response
What type of hormone release does steady secretion for extended time have?
Sustained
What type of hormone release does anterior pituitary hormones have?
Episodic
What type of hormone release does hormone released in bursts, varying in duration and quantity have?
Episodic
What type of hormone release does hormone concentrations remain low and fluctuates with amplitude have?
Basal
What type of hormone release does GnRH have?
Basal
What type of hormone release does steroid hormones have?
Sustained
Define hormone agonist (analog). Give an example.
A substance that acts like another substance and therefore stimulates an action. GnRH agonists cause the testicles to stop making testosterone.
Define hormone antagonist. Give an example.
It interferes with nature receptor action. Antiprogestin.
Suckling response stimulating prolactin release. Is this positive or negative feedback?
Positive
Progesterone release from CL to inhibit LH. Is this positive or negative feedback?
Negative
Estradiol being increasingly produced from dominant follicle to stimulate LH surge. Is this positive or negative feedback?
Positive
Inhibin release from Sertoli cells to inhibit FSH. Is this positive or negative feedback?
Negative
Estradiol stimulating mucous secretion by female tract. Is this a cell membrane receptor or a nuclear receptor?
Nuclear receptor
Estradiol stimulating myometrial contractions. Is this a cell membrane receptor or a nuclear receptor?
Cell membrane receptor
Progesterone inhibiting myometrial contractions. Is this a cell membrane receptor or a nuclear receptor?
Cell membrane receptor
Progesterone stimulating uterine gland secretion. Is this a cell membrane receptor or a nuclear receptor?
Nuclear receptor
Place the following steps in order based on how hormones work through cell membrane receptors.

A. G-proteins are transfigured to stimulate adenylate cyclase.
B. Hormone binds to cell surface receptor that has a geometric configuration.
C. New proteins are synthesized.
D. Second messenger signals like cAMP signal a response from enzymes such as protein kinase.
E. New protein products for reproduction are made that may stay in the cell, be secreted into the blood, and or act on other target tissues.
B, A, D, C, E
Place the following steps in order based on how hormones work through nuclear membrane receptors.

A. Disassociation from the transport protein occurs in the interstitial compartment.
B. Steroid binds to nuclear receptor and becomes a transcription factor.
C. Promotion of DNA directed mRNA synthesis (transcription) occurs.
D. Hormones are transported in the blood attached to transport proteins.
E. Protein synthesis occurs (examples: cervical mucous during estrus, uterine secretions, seminal fluid secretions).
F. Hormone diffuses into the nucleus.
G. Hormone diffuses through the membrane into cytoplasm.
D, A, G, F, B, C, E
How much of a hormone secreted refers to the frequency. True or false.
False
How often a hormone is secreted refers to the amplitude. True or false.
False
Anterior pituitary hormones are released in a pulsatile fashion due to the stimulation of release by neurons. True or false.
True
Name a hormone that would be secreted in a sustained manner.
Progesterone
What is an example of a glycoprotein hormone?
FSH
What is an example of a protein hormone?
Prolactin
What is an example of a peptide hormone?
GnRH
What is an example of a lipid hormone?
Prostaglandin
What is an example of a steroid hormone?
Testosterone
What is a chemical type of hormone that is a long chain of amino acids?
Protein hormone
What is a chemical type of hormone that is few to several amino acids?
Peptides hormone
What is a chemical type of hormone that is a protein hormone plus a carbohydrate?
Glycoprotein
What is a chemical type of hormone that is derived from arachidonic acid?
Lipid hormone
What is a chemical type of hormone that is synthesized from cholesterol?
Steroid hormone
What is the name that determines hormone concentrations?
RIA
What is the base chemical component of steroid hormones made up of 4 rings?
Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene
What is another name for anterior pituitary?
Adeno hypothesis
What is another name for posterior pituitary?
Neuro hypothesis
What is an example of a simple neural reflex?
Ejaculation
What is an example of a neuroendocrine response?
Milk let down
Define endocrine gland.
Ductless gland that synthesizes and secretes chemical messenger (hormone) into the blood stream.
Define hormone.
Chemical messenger secreted from a ductless gland or tissue that is carried into the blood to a remote target tissue to initiate change in cellular activity.
What is the name of the anatomical structure of the brain that consists of paired nuclei and is the neural control center for neuropeptides?
Hypothalamus
List the names of all the hormones produced by the hypothalamus.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone, prolactin releasing factor, prolactin inhibitory factor, corticotrophin releasing factor, thyrotrophin releasing factor, growth hormone releasing hormone, growth hormone inhibiting hormone, antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin, ADH
List the two distinct parts of the hormone-producing structure located above the sphenoid bone.
Anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary.
What is the specific name of the boney recess within the sphenoid bone that the structure in anterior pituitary sits in? Why is it important?
Sella turicica (Turkish saddle) and it provides protection.
What is a description of the glans penis?
Homologue to clitoris
What is the description of the bulbourethral gland in the boar?
"Hot dog" glands
What is a description of the vascular penis?
Expandable with minimal connective tissue.
What is the only accessory sex gland in dog?
Prostate
What is the description of the bulbus glandis?
It fills with blood and causes the copulatory tie.
What is the description of the corpus spongiosum?
Spongy erectile tissue in penile interior.
What is the description of the vesicular gland?
Contributes large portion of ejaculate volume in bull and boar.
What is the description of the corpus cavernosum?
Ventral portion of penile urethra.
What is the description of the fibroelastic penis?
Non-expandable with dense connective tissue.
Which hormone comes from the hypothalamus to stimulate release of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary?
GnRH
What is the portion of the hypothalamus that controls basal secretions?
Atonic center
What is the portion of the hypothalamus that controls pre-ovulatory surge?
Surge Center
What does sella turcica mean?
Turkish saddle
What hormone would stimulate milk ejection?
Oxytocin
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