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biol 1202 exam 2

Terms in this set (40)

common name: liverworts
number of known species: 9,000
Phylum Hepatophyta
common name: mosses
number of known species: 15,000
Phylum Bryophyta
common name: hornworts
number of known species: 100
Phylum Anthocerophyta
common name: lycophytes
number of known species: 1,200
Phylum Lycophyta
common name: pterophytes
number of known species: 12,000
Phylum Pterophyta
common name: ginkgo
number of known species: 1
Phylum Ginkgophyta
common name: cycads
number of known species: 130
Phylum Cycadophyta
common name: gnetophytes
number of known species: 75
Phylum Gnetophyta
common name: conifers
number of known species: 600
Phylum Coniferophyta
common name: flowering plants
number of known species: 250,000
Phylum Anthophyta
nonvascular plants (phylum and common name)
phylum hepatophyta- liverworts
phylum bryophyta- mosses
phylum anthocerophyta- hornworts
vascular plant groups (2)
gymnosperms
angiosperms
gymnosperms (phylum and common name)
phylum ginkgophyta- ginkgo
phylum cycadophyta- cycads
phylum gnetophyta- gnetophytes
phylum coniferophyta- conifers
angiosperms (phylum and common name)
phylum anthophyta- flowering plants
parts of a plant that make it vascular
xylem
phloem
roots
leaves
lignin
cuticle
stomata
more diverse than all other eukaryotes and no longer considered a single kingdom
protist
nutritionally diverse and can be organized into general groups based on nutritional methods
protists
producer- photosynthesis
autotrophic
breaks down material in the environment then absorbs breakdown
heterotrophic- decomposers
eating other organisms, either hunting other organisms or living inside another organisms (parasite)
heterotrophic- ingestion
combining photosynthesis and ingestion/absorption methods
mixotrophic
both organisms benefit in some way from the realtionship
mutualistic
one organism benefits in some way with the other has no apparent advantage/disadvantage
commensalistic
one organism benefits in some way, while the other has some harm from the relationship
paralistic
one cell engulfs another, and the other cell lives inside the cell-- mutualistic relationship- organism A keeps B alive while B does things for A
primary endosymbiosis
gives us multiple lineages
speciation
eukaryote engulfs another eukaryote after the eukaryote had already engulfed a prokaryote
-results in greater diversification
secondary endosymbiosis
5 protista supergroups
every cross requires a unicycle
excavates
chromalveolates
rhizarians
archaeplastids
unikontes
excavate groups
diplomonads
parabasalids
englenozoans
subgroups of englenozoans
kinetoplastids
-both free living and symbiotic
-have 2 nuclei
-multiple flagella (3-5)
-giardia
diplomonads
infection from drinking untreated water causing diarrhea, etc
giardia
move via flagella, have feeding groove, heterotrophic, have modified mitochondria
excavates
-anaerobic
-have mitochondria but cant use it
-all known species are either symbiotic/parasitic/commensalistic
-trichomanas vaginalis
parabasalids
sexually transmitted disease that can be in the penis or vagina
trichomanas vaginalis
-have distinct mitochondria
-move via flagella
-mixed nutritional methods (photosynthesis/heterotrophic
englenozoans
types of englenozoans
euglenids
kinetoplastids
-most are freshwater
-1 to 3 flagella
-primarily photosynthetic-> can switch to heterotrophic
-eyespot that turns flagella off if light is available
-contractile vacuole that maintains osmotic pressure in cell
euglenids
-one flagellum
-single large mitochondria (make more mitochondria if it needs ATP)
-both free living and symbiotic
-trypanosoma
kinetoplastids
parasite that causes sleeping sickness but feeding on red blood cells which causes a decrease in cellular respiration/ATP production
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