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unit 6

Terms in this set (24)

Achievement motivation
a desire for significant accomplishment
Basal metabolic rate
the body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Drive-reduction theory
the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Estrogen
sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics
Flow
a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills
Glucose
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues
Hierarchy of needs
Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
Homeostasis
a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state
Human factors psychology
a subfield of I/O psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use
Incentive
positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Industrial-organization psychology
the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
Instinct
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
Motivation
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Organizational psychology
a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change
Personnel psychology
a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development
Refractory period
a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
Set point
the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight
Sexual disorder(dysfunction)
a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
Sexual orientation
an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation)
Sexual response cycle
the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson—excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
Social leadership
group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support
Structured interviews
interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales
Task leadership
goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals
Testosterone
the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
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