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ch 8 Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Terms in this set (50)

Informational Social Influence occurs
➢ When we believe other people's reactions can help us arrive at an accurate reading of a situation
Which of the following is the most direct and powerful example of Social Influence?
➢ Obedience to an order from an authority figure
Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between Cultural Beliefs & Conformity?
➢ Compared to many cultures, Americans tend to have relatively negative attitudes towards conformity
Which of the following statements regarding Sherif's 1936 Study of the auto-kinetic effect is true?
➢ Participants conformed bkz they believed the other people's responses were accurate.
The more important it is to people to make an accurate decision:
➢ The more likely they are to conform to Informational Social Influence
Which of the following statements captures the relationship between Informational Social Influence and eyewitness performance in legal proceedings?
➢ The legal system often takes steps to prevent conformity to Informational Social Influence among eyewitnesses
Informational Social Influence is most likely to occur when
➢ The other people around are experts and the situation is ambiguous
Social Norms
➢ Societal rules regarding acceptable behavior are known as
Asch's Line-Judgment Research indicated that
➢ Participants demonstrated Public Conformity without private acceptance
Compared with Informational Social Influence, Normative Social Influence
➢ Has less to do with being accurate and more to do with fitting in
Which of the following conclusions is consistent with the predictions of the Social Impact Theory?
➢ The more immediate a group is, the more Social Influence it tends to exert
The key to Minority Influence is:
➢ consistency
Injunctive; Descriptive
➢An ____ norm involves perceptions of which behaviors society approves of;
a ______ norm involved perceptions of how people actually behave
Injunctive
➢ ____ norms are most powerful for changing people's behaviors.
EX - "Boomerang Effect" (how a Use of Norms to change behavior can backfire)
➢ Jerry finds out everyone in his building is conserving water by installing low-flow shower-heads. He decides that he doesn't need to worry about conserving & he begins taking even longer showers than usual
Door-in-the-Face Technique
➢ Relies at least in part on Norms-of- Reciprocity
Foot-in-the-Door Technique (1)
➢ Strategy of social influence that creates a similar situation to that experienced by Milgram's Study in that it relies on requests that increase in severity in incremental fashion
Foot-in-the-Door Technique (2)
➢ Capitalizes on people's desire for Self-Consistency
American Mythology & Culture often emphasize the importance of ___?
➢ Not Conforming
Conformity always includes
➢ the Real or Imagined influence of others
Goal of Milgram's Obedience Research?
➢ To better understand the social forces that contribute to destructive & immoral behavior
Which of the following illustrates the role played by Normative Social Influence in the Obedience of Milgram's participants
➢ When other "teachers" (who were actually confederates) refused to comply with the Study, participants' Obedience Rates declined significantly
Which of the following is a common Ethical concern raised about the Milgram Study?
➢ Participants were forced to learn unpleasant things about themselves without agreeing to that ahead of time
Which of the following is a change that Burger (2009) made from original Milgram Study when replicating the research several decades later?
➢The study was stopped once participants went past 150 volts
Which of the following was NOT an instructional prod used by the experimenter in the Milgram Studies?
➢ "If you do not continue, you will not be paid for your participation"
Least influence on participants' willingness to give shocks in the experiment:
➢ Participants' Aggression
NOT an EXAMPLE of Informational Social Influence:
➢ When you get to college, you change the way you dress so that you "fit in" better; that is, so that people will like you more
Social Impact Theory
➢ People conform more to others who are physically close to them compared to others who are physically distant;
➢ People conform if the others are more important to them
➢ People conform more to three or more people than to one or two people
Asch's Studies
➢ Public Compliance without Private Acceptance
Informational Social Influence (re: conforming)
➢ When deciding whether to conform, people should ask themselves whether the other people know more about what is going on, than they do
Injunctive Norm;
Descriptive Norm
➢ His belief that most of the public would disapprove of underage drinking is an _____ , while his perception that many teenagers drink under certain circumstances is a _____ .
Informational Social Influence EXAMPLE
➢ Tom follows a student onto a bus & finds that it takes him to class.
Normative Social Influence EXAMPLE
➢ Miranda is out to lunch with her boss and coworkers. Her boss tells a joke that makes fun of a certain ethnic group, and everyone else laughs. Miranda does not find the joke funny, but she laughs anyway
injunctive
➢____ norms are most powerful for changing people's behaviors.
Descriptive Norm
➢ involved perceptions of how people actually behave
Injunctive Norm
➢ involves perceptions of which behaviors society approves of;
Consistency is -?
➢ Key to minority influence
12-person jury deliberate with 11 votes to convict a defendant. Henry holding out and votes not guilty. Research best prediction about this: how will rest of group react to Henry's deviance?
➢ they will eventually come to ignore him and try to punish him by being generally unpleasant toward him.
Informational Social Influence is most likely to occur when?
➢ the other people around are experts and the situation is ambiguous
Which statement best captures the relationship between Informational Social Influence and Eye Witness Performance in legal proceedings?
➢ the legal system often takes steps to prevent conformity to Informational Social Influence among eyewitnesses
Informational Social Influence
➢ relying on each other for info
The more important it is to people to make an accurate decision,
➢ the more likely they are to conform to Informational Social Influence
Private Acceptance
➢ conforming to other people's behavior out of a genuine belief that what they are saying or doing is right
Public Acceptance
➢ conforming to other people's behavior in public
people can be positively Influenced by conformity promotion. EX:
➢ neighbor's energy usage caused people to save more energy than other logical arguments (voting, littering, donating blood)
three situations likely to produce conformity because of Informational Social Influence
➢ ambiguous, crisis & others seem to be experts
in a high importance condition
➢ people are less likely to conform to a wrong answer, b/c the need to be accurate is stronger than the need to fit in
conformity
➢ the need to fit in
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