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Rubenstein Ch. 4 and Ch. 5 BOLD TERMS and LANGUAGE BRANCHES

Terms in this set (36)

Habit
A repetitive act that a particular INDIVIDUAL performs.
Custom
A repetitive act of a GROUP, to the extent that it becomes a characteristic of the group.
Folk culture
Traditionally practiced primarily by small, HOMOGENOUS groups living in isolated RURAL areas and may include a custom.
Popular (pop) culture
Found in large, HETEROGENOUS societies that share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.
Language
A system of communication through speech, a collection of sounds that a group of people understands to have the same meaning.
Literary tradition
A system of written communication.
Official language
The language used by the government for laws, reports, and public objects (such as road signs, money, and stamps).
Dialect
A regional variety of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
Standard language
A dialect that is well establish and widely recognized as the most acceptable for government, business, education, and mass communication.
British Recieved Pronunciation (BRP)
One particular dialect of English, the one associated with upper-class Britons living in the Londong area, is recognized in much of the English-speaking world as the standard form of British speech.
Isogloss
A word-usage boundary.
Language family
A collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed long BEFORE RECORDED HISTORY.
Language branch
A collection of languages related through a common ancestral langueage that existed SEVERAL THOUSAND YEARS AGO.
Language group
A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively RECENT PAST and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary.
Creole (creolized language)
A language that results from the mixing of the colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.
Ideograms
Characters that represent ideas or concepts, not specific pronunciations.
Extinct languages
Languages that were once in use, even in the recent past, but no longer spoken or read in daily activities by anyone in the world.
Isolated language
A language unrealted to any other and therefore not attached to any language family.
Lingua franca
A language of international communication.
Pidgin language
A simplified form of a lingua franca.
Ebonics
Distinctive dialect of many African Americans; the word is a combination of "ebony" and "phonics".
Franglais
The widespread use of English in the French language; the word is a combination of "français" and "anglais", which is French for "French" and "English".
Spanglish
The diffusion of English in the Spanish language; the word is a combination of "Spanish" and "English".
Indo-European
Largest language branch, covering: North America, South America, Northern India, Western Europe, Southern Russia, Australia, and South Africa (the country).
Afro-Asiatic
Language branch that covers: Northern Africa, and South West Asia (the Middle East).
Nilo-Saharan
Language branch that covers: Central Africa (below Afro-Asiatic)
Niger-Congo
Language branch that covers: Western and Central Africa (below Nilo-Saharan)
Khoisan
Language branch that covers: Central Africa (above Nilo-Saharan)
Uralic and Altaic
Language branch that covers: Southern Europe (Turkey), Northern Europe, Northern Russia, Central Asia, and Western Asia.
Sino-Tibetan
Language branch that covers: Eastern Asia (China, North Korea, South Korea, Myanmar)
Austro-Asiatic
Language branch that covers: South Eastern Asia (Vietnam, Cambodia)
Austronesian
Language branch that covers: Madagascar, Southern Asian Islands (Phillippines, Western Indonesia), Pacific Islands.
Dravidian
Language branch that covers: Southern India.
Native American
Language branch that covers: Central South America (Western Brazil, Paraguay)
Tai-Kadal
Language branch that covers: Southern Asia (Thailand, Central Phillippines and Malaysia), Greenland and Iceland.
Other Language Branches
Very minor language branches that cover: Northern Canada, North Eastern Asia (North Eastern Russia), and Eastern Asia (Japan and Eastern Indonesia)
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