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Asia 1 Study guide Mr. O/Ms. B guides mix -- 3/5/18

Terms in this set (34)

Mughal Empire
In India, lasting for about 200 years (16th-18th century). Mughals (Mongols) practiced Islam (Muslims), India was primarily Hindu (this is one reason Akbar's tolerance was so important)
Who built the Taj Mahal and why?
Emperor Shah Jahan of India built the Taj Mahal to honor his wife who had died
Who was Akbar and for what was he primarily known?
Akbar (aka, the Greatest One), was grandson of Babur (founder of Mughal Empire). Akbar ruled the Mughal Empire for nearly 50 years. He was know for his tolerance and inclusive policies towards Hindus (the majority in India) and other religions, and also for his belief in a strong military for the Mughal Empire.
Who were the Daimyo
Warrior chieftains of the samurai in Japan who seized control of old feudal estates and offered the peasants and others protection in return for their loyalty. Daimyo became lords in a new kind of Japanese feudalism. The samurai were the warriors of which the daimyo were the leaders/chieftains
Shogun
Supreme military commander in Japan who ruled in the Emperor's name (The Japanese "Pod cast" talked about Tokugawa Ieyasu who completed the unification of Japan, and became the Shogun)
Haiku Poetry
A Japanese composition that follows the rhyming pattern of 5, 7 and 5 syllables, 3 line verse poetry.
Controlling foreign ideas in Japan
The Tokugawa shoguns wanted to control foreign ideas and this led to a "closed country policy"
Japanese Social Structure - of the Tokugawa society
~emperor - top rank but was just a figurehead
~shogun - actual ruler, the supreme military commander
~daimyo, the powerful landholding samurai, was below the shogun
~samurai warriors came next after the daimyo
~peasants and artisans were next (peasants made up about 4/5 of the population)
~merchants were at the bottom (but gradually became more important as the Japanese economy expanded)
Ottoman Empire
A Muslim empire based in Anatolia, which is present day Turkey. The Ottoman practiced Islam (as Seljuks/Turks, they converted to Islam). Founder of the Ottoman Empire was Osman
Followers of Osman
Ottomans; also when Osman wanted to expand his territory, he called for a holy war against Byzantine Empire (Islam vs. Christianity). Ghazis (religious warriors) and Turkish warriors helped Osman, and they were successful
What were the Janissaries?
Specially trained troops of the Ottoman acquired through the Devshirme System
Devshirme System
When the Ottoman required Christian families to turn over their sons to be converted to Islam and trained as Janissaries (Ottoman's elite army)
Warriors of Islam
Ghazis
Founder of Islam
Muhammad
Islam Code of Conduct
Five Pillars of Islam, which include faith, prayer, almsgiving (charity to the poor), fasting (which Muslims do during Ramadan), and pilgrimage (to Mecca)
Order of the Dynasties that you studied
~Sung Dynasty (690 - 1279) Chinese culture thrive under Sung - it ended with Mongol invasion
~Mongols/Kublai Khan (Marco Polo) (1279-1368) until driven out
~Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) -strengthened China in many ways; eventually a policy of isolationism to keep out foreigners, Forbidden City etc., led to unrest -- ended in 1644 when Manchus invaded.
~Qing Dynasty (aka Ch'ng Dynasty) Manchus (. - greatly expanded China's territory, didn't have enough food for growing population. Attempts to continue isolationism policy led to wars with European nations and Japan led to wars which Manchus lost. Revolution in 111 ended Qing Dynasty and China became a republic in 1912.
Isolationism
A policy China followed under the Ming Dynasty in which it stayed to itself and did not engage with foreign countries. For example trade restricted and controlled by the government and Chinese kept within borders and foreigners confined to one place.
Manchus and Ming Dynasty collapse
When the Ming Dynasty was weakened it sought Manchus' help. Manchus helped but then invaded the Ming and the Ming Dynasty collapsed. The Manchus captured the capital in 1644 and established their own Dynasty (QING Dynasty)
Who was the 1st Ming Emperor (and had commanded Chinese army that drove the Mongols out of China in 1638)?
Hongwu
Ming Exploration
~China launched 7 voyages of exploration throughout Southwest Asia and Africa
~voyages consisted of hundreds of ships and thousands of men (floating cities)
~Zheng He led all 7 voyages
Hindu leadership
Gurus, Holy Man, Brahmin priest
Founder of Hinduism
No one founder
Holy book(s) of Hinduism
No one book - but there are sacred texts including the Vedas, and the Puranas
Hinduism Basic Beliefs
~The soul never dies, but is continually reborn
~Persons achieve happiness and enlightenment after they free themselves from their earthly desires
~Freedom from earthly desires comes from a lifetime of worship, knowledge, and virtuous acts
Hindu deity (God/s)
Polytheistic - but 3 main gods are Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
Islam Deity (God/s)
Muslims believe in God and call God "Allah"
Islam Holy Book(s)
Qur'an
Kangxi's thoughts about Europeans/Westerners, and beliefs about China
~Kangxi was an emperor of the Qing (Manchus) Dynasty
~he believed that China is superior to countries of the west
~he also believed that westerners use methods that are based on Chinese methods
Western wall
Many Jews make pilgrimage to the Western Wall. The Western wall is a sacred structure, built in the second century BC - it formed the western wall of the courtyard of the Second Temple of Jerusalem. The Romans destroyed it.
Buddhism founder
Buddha
Buddhism Holy book(s)
There is no ONE book - there are sacred texts, including the Dhammapada
Buddhism Leadership
Buddhist monks and nuns
Basic beliefs for Buddhism
~Persons achieve complete peace and happiness (nirvana) by eliminating their attachment to worldly things
~Nirvana is reached by following the Noble Eightfold Path (Middle Way)
Which do you think was the best society?
The Ottoman Empire was the best society because it started with Osman inheriting land from his father and then Osman expanded the land with many conquests, until expanded through a lot of Anatolia, present Turkey. It was one of the largest ever. Also, they were strong because they had Janissaries which were special troops recruited through the Devshirme System.
Sets found in the same folder