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TRI 2 LIT vocab schelhorse
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Terms in this set (225)
persona / speaker
narrator / usually the point of view of the character. The person created by the author to tell the story and is the voice that talks to the reader.
point of view
how we know what happens in a story / how the story is told
omniscient
the speaker knows everything including the actions, motives, and thoughts of all the characters / all-knowing
limited omniscient
what narrator knows or sees in limited to one central character, usually just their own actions and thoughts
objective
most drastic third person point of view, for story is told by no one / narrator disappears and there is no way of entering the minds of characters
static character
does not change throughout the work and the reader's knowledge of that character does not grow / unchanging
dynamic character
undergoes some kind of change because of the action in the plot / changing
flat character
embodies 1 or 2 qualities, ideas, or traits that are not developed. Sometimes recognized as stock characters; show stereotypes, like the "dumb blonde." / become types rather than individuals
round character
complex, multidimensional, and developed characters that are often display the inconsistencies and internal conflicts found in most real people
apostrophe
The direct address of a person or personified thing, either present or absent. Most common purpose is to give vent or display intense emotion, which can no longer be held back / often interrupts the discussion.
palindrome
a word, line, verse, number, sentence, etc. reading the same backward as forward
mnemonic
a technique of improving the memory
homograph
a word of the same written form as another but of different meaning and usually origin, whether pronounced the same way or not
homonym
a word the same as another in sound and spelling but different in meaning
homophone
a word pronounced the same as another but differing in meaning, whether spelled the same way or not / specific type of homonym
heteronyms
are homonyms that share the same spelling but have different pronunciation. That is, they are homographs which are not homophones
capitonyms
are homonyms that share the same spelling but have different meanings when capitalized (and may or may not have different pronunciations)
anaphora
the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses or lines
antistrophe
repetition of the same word or phrase at the end of successive clauses
epithet
an adjective or adjective phrase appropriately qualifying a subject (noun) by naming a key or important characteristic of the subject
chiasmus
a type of rhetorical balance in which the second part is syntactically balanced against the first, but with the parts reversed.
caesura
a natural pause or break; usually near middle of line of verse, indicated by sense of the line, greater than the normal pause
enjambment
continuation of the sense and grammatical construction from one line of poetry to the next
kenning
a device employed in Anglo-Saxon poetry in which the name of the thing is replaced by one of its functions or qualities
meter
repetition of a regular rhythmic unit in a line of poetry; emphasizes musical quality of language and often relates directly to subject matter of poem.
poetic foot
group of syllables in verse usually consisting of one accented syllable and one or two unaccented syllables associated with it
scansion
a system for describing the meter of a poem by identifying the number and the types of feet per line
devices of sound
techniques of deploying the sounds of words; rhyme, alliteration, assonance, consonance, onomatopoeia, used to create a general effect of pleasant of of discordant sound, imitate another sound, or to reflect a meaning.
rhythm
a rise and fall of the voice produced by the alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables in language.
feminine rhyme
a rhyme of two syllables, one stressed and one unstressed, sometimes called double rhyme (as waken and forsaken and audition and rendition)
masculine rhyme
rhyme that falls on the stressed and concluding syllables of the rhyme-words (keep and sleep)
eye rhyme
rhyme that appears correct from spelling, but is half-rhyme or slant rhyme from the pronunciation (watch and match)
internal rhyme
rhyme that occurs within a line, rather than at the end
end-stopped
a line with a pause at the end, lines that end with a period, comma, a colon, a semicolon, an exclamation point, or a question mark are end-stopped lines
types of poems
a composition in verse, especially one that is characterized by a highly developed artistic form and by the use of heightened language and rhythm to express an intensely imaginative interpretation of the subject
elegy
a poem of mourning about someone who has died. A eulogy is a great praise or commendation, a laudatory speech, about someone who has died.
epic
a long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society
free verse
poetry that does not conform to a regular meter or rhyme scheme
lyric poem
a poem that does not tell a story but expresses the personal feelings or thoughts of the speaker. A ballad tells a story. Love lyrics are common, sonnets and odes are examples.
narrative poem
a non-dramatic poem which tells a story, whether simple or complex, long or short, example: epics and ballads
didactic poem
a poem which is primarily intended to teach a lesson, usually involves a subjective judgment of the author's purpose on the part of the critic or the reader
dramatic poem
a poem which employs a dramatic form or some element or elements of dramatic techniques as a means of achieving poetic ends, example: dramatic monologue
structure
the arrangement of materials within a work; the relationship of the parts of a work to the whole; the logical divisions of a work. most common units of structure in a poem are the line and the stanza.
stanza
usually a repeated grouping of three or more lines with the same meter and rhyme scheme
refrain
a word, phrase, line, or group of lines that is repeated, for effect, several times in a poem
blank verse
unrhymed iambic pentameter
couplet
two-line stanza, usually with end-rhymes the same
octave
eight line stanza, usually refers to the first division of an Italian sonnet
quatrain
a four-line stanza with any combination of rhymes
rhyme royal
a seven line stanza of iambic pentameter rhymed ababbcc
sestet
six line stanza, second division of an Italian sonnet
sonnet
normally a fourteen line iambic pentameter poem
tercet
a stanza of three lines in which each line ends with the same rhyme
terza rima
a three line stanza rhymed aba, bcb, cdc, etc.
villanelle
a nineteen line poem divided into five tercets and a final quatrain
Bildungsroman
is a story in which the protagonist undergoes growth throughout the entire narrative, generally starting off by being removed or chased from their home. Their growth is often impeded by opposition of their desires by other characters
pedantic
an adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish, using big words for the sake of it. sometimes described as "show-offy"
litotes
a form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite; the opposite of hyperbole
conceit
a fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects. A ____displays intellectual cleverness as a result of the unusual comparison being made.
Doppelganger
is a ghostly double of another character, especially if it haunts its counterpart - means "double walker" - it's like a carbon copy of a character - doesn't have to look like them
periphrasis
adding in superfluous words to extend the message you are trying to give- "beating around the bush" so to speak
portmanteau
combination of two or more words to create a new word
spoonerism
the shuffling of the first letters of words to make different words and therefore change the actual meaning of the sentence, or else produce a humorous, nonsensical sound
synecdoche
when one uses a part to represent the whole
synesthesia
when one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another. In lit. synes. refers to the practice of associating two or more different senses in the same image
anachronism
a person, scene, event, or other element in literature that fails to correspond with the time or era in which the work is set
Malapropism
is an act or habit of misusing words ridiculously, esp. by the confusion of words that are similar in sound
Amplification
is use of bare expressions, likely to be ignored or misunderstood by a hearer or reader because of the bluntness. Emphasis through restatement with additional details
bowdlerize
to remove parts of a work of literature that are considered indecent
epistolary
most or all of the narrative comes to readers through letters or other correspondence rather than a more traditional storytelling manner
bete noir
while not an exclusively literary term, many critics use it to denote the idea of avoidance found in many narratives. Family dramas, for example, are almost obligated to involve some sort of "elephant" in the room
epigraph
many writers like to include quotes or passages at the beginning of their works to reflect the overarching theme or message
in media res
stories that start straight in the middle of the action and builds upon the recent past as the tale unfold
trope
frequently used to refer to familiar literary devices, events, and archetypes
roman a clef
real-life figure and adventures oftentimes end up thinly and not-so-thinly appearing in fiction
antithesis
strongly contransting words, clauses, sentences, or ideas; balancing of one term against another for emphasis or stylistic effectiveness
deus ex machine
use of artificial device or gimmick to solve a problem, often criticized, incidence that brings characters together to have a pleasing solution
eponymous
a term for the title character of a work of literature
Hubris
overly arrogant, character that has this is called a hybris, believes they are "untouchable", considered the tragic flaw
Hamartia
a personal error in a protagonist's personality that brings about his tragic downfall in a tragedy. tragic flaw
tautology
a repetitive use of phrases or words which have similar meanings; expressing the same thing, an idea or saying two or more times
pastiche
literary piece that imitates another famous lit. work of another writer. Does not mock, honors instead
negative capability
promoted by poet John Keats, who believed that poets should be able to come to terms with the fact that some matters might have to be left unsolved or uncertain, doubt adds romanticism
syncope
contraction or the shortening of a word by omitting sounds, syllables or letters from the middle of the word such as the bos'n for the word boatswain
stream of consciousness
a style of writing where the author represents the flow of inner thoughts, feelings, and memories of a character, regardless of logical order and transitions
fiction
the class of literature comprising works of imaginative narration, especially in prose form
non-fiction
books, magazines, etc. giving facts, information, etc. not stories, novels, plays, poetry
melodrama
a drama, such as a play, film, or television program, characterized by exaggerated emotions, stereotypical characters, and interpersonal conflicts
myth
a traditional or legendary story, usually concerning some being or hero or event, with or without a determinable basis of fact or a natural explanation, especially one that is concerned with deities or demigods and explains some practice, rite, or phenomenon of nature
genre
a class or category of artistic endeavor having a particular form, content technique
refrain
a phrase or verse recurring at intervals in a song or poem, esp. at the end of each stanza; chorus
red herring
an action, theme, or piece of information meant to lead a character or the reader astray. Mysteries often employ this to complicate the plot and draw the reader's attention away from the real solution, and thus prolonging the pleasure of reading
verisimilitude
how fully the characters and actions in a work of fiction conform to our sense of reality. To say that a work has a degree of ______ means that the work is very realistic and believable--- it is "true to life"
novella
a prose fiction longer than a short story but shorter than a novel. 20k-50k words.
dramatic monologue
a literary device is used when a character reveals his or her innermost thoughts and feelings, those that are hidden throughout the course of the story line, through a poem or a speech. Often comes during a climactic moment in a work reveals hidden truths about a character, their history, and their relationships
palin / pali
back, again
pan
all, every
path
feeling, suffering
pel, puls
push
pend
hang, weigh
per
through
port
carry
pot
power
pseudo
false
pugna
fight
vac
empty
ven / vent
come, go
ver
truth
vers / vert
turn
vid /vis
see
vince / vic
conquer
vit
life
voc
call
vol
wish, will
vor / vour
eat
tang / tact
touch
tele
distant, far off
telos
end
temp
time
ten / tent
hold
terr
earth
theo
god, deity
therm
heat
trans
across
tropos
turn, direction, way
sci
know
scrib / script
write
sec / sect
cut
sequ / secu
follow
simil
same
son
sound
soph
wisdom, knowledge
spec / spic
look, see
-sis
act, state, condition of
syn / sym / syl / sys
with, together
radic / radix
root
ratio
involving thought
ram / rami
branch
recept / recipe
recieve
re / retro
again, back, backward
reg
guide, rule
rhod / rub
red
rid
laugh
rhin / rhino
nose
rupt
break, burst
nat / nac
birth
necro
death
neo / new / nov
new
nomen / nomin
name
nym / onym
word, name
ob
against
ornoth
bird
ortho
straight, correct
-oid
resembling, like shaped
-or / -er
one who takes part in
macro
large
mal /male
bad, evil
meta / met
behind, between, beyond
metri / meter
measure
micro / min
small
mit / mis
send
mig
travel
mor
customs
morph
form
mort
death
palpable
tangible, perceptible, easily noticeable
paradoxical
something that appears false or contradictory but is actually correct
paragon
a model of excellence or perfection
parch
to become dry from heat, to shrivel from heat
partisan
one who exhibits extreme or possibly blind allegiance to a group or cause
peevish
fretful, obstinate
perdition
external damnation, utter ruin
pernicious
very destructive or harmful, deadly
peruse
to read or examine
pithy
concise and meaningful
plausible
seemingly acceptable, believable, or possible
ponderous
very heavy, unwieldy from weight
portent
a sign or forewarning
potent
powerful, having a strong affect
prate
to talk idly or foolish at great length
precept
a rule guiding conduct or imposing a standard
precursor
something that comes before, forerunner
prodigal
wasteful, a person given to extravagance
profane
showing contempt toward sacred things
quaint
unusual in character or appearance
wanton
immoral, lewd
vulgarity
something offensive to good taste and refinement
virtuous
having excellent morals; righteous
vanquished
conquered, overpowered
valid
well-grounded, justifiable
usurp
to take possession or authority over something without right
tempestuous
turbulent, stormy
superfluous
beyond what is needed or required, an overflow
spurn
to reject or refuse with hostility
sovereign
possessed of controlling power
searing
causing to wither or to dry up or to become scorched
sanctify
to set apart for sacred use, to make holy, to purify
rhapsodize
to express in an overly enthusiastic manner
rant
to rave, to speak in a loud and attacking manner
ratify
to give formal approval
reconcile
to re-establish friendship, to resolve a dispute
relish
to take great pleasure or delight in
replicate
to repeat, to copy, or to duplicate
requite
to make repayment or to return
resolute
characterized by a decided purpose
ameliorate
to make something better, particularly a bad situation or condition, to improve
banal
overused or common
inundate
to overwhelm as if being bombarded by a large quantity of water
monomania
an obsession with a single thing or idea
nefarious
exceedingly or undeniably evil
voluble
easily and readily speaking; fluent
zenith
the highest point; a peak of achievement
impugn
to challenge or attack an idea or statement as being untrue, especially to bring up argument or facts against an idea or statement
teem
to be excessively or abundantly filled with things
turgid
enlarged by fluid; swollen or engorged
exacerbate
to make worse; to aggravate a problem or condition
impetus
a factor that causes action
pandemic
widespread and pervasive; affecting everyone
reticent
unwilling to speak; tending to be silent
tacit
not stated outright but understood
copious
appearing in large number
derision
offensive attitude or speech; ridicule
disparage
to speak poorly of
equivocate
to use words that have multiple meanings, particularly in order to obscure the truth
maudlin
excessively emotional
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