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World Geo Ch 18 FINAL
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Gravity
Terms in this set (88)
Sahel
means "shore of the desert" in Arabic
Sahel
a narrow band of dry grassland that runs east to west along the southern edge of the Sahara
herding and farming
People use the Sahel for ______ and ______
Desertification
expansion of dry conditions into moist areas that are next to deserts. (shift of the desert)
long term cycle
Desertification results from natures ____.
First Step of Desertification
The Sahel receives little rainfall. The vegetation lives in a fragile state, having barely enough water and food to survive.
Second Step of Desertification
Farming, overgrazing by livestock, and burning wood for fuel contribute to deforestation
Third Step of Desertification
Dry grasses die and are replaced by tougher plants like shrubs. These plants do not cover the soil as well as grass.
Fourth Step of Desertification
WIth less vegetation, any rain that falls evaporates quickly. Over the years, the wind then blocks the dry soil into a desert-like state.
damaged harmed
By drilling oil, the Nigerian government and foreign old companies have often ___ the land and _____ the people living in the Niger Delta
sixth
Nigeria is the ___ leading oil exporter in the world.
millions of dollars to other nations
Oil prices eventually fell and the Nigerian gov. owned _____ to _____
Mismanagement poor planning corruption and a decline
_______ ______ ________ and ______ in oil prices left Nigeria poorer than before the oil boom.
4,000
More than _____ oil spills have occurred in Niger delta over the past four decades
1998 to 2000
Oil pipeline explosions killed more than 2,000 people
Akierou Awe's
!998-2000 pipeline explosion killed three of ____________ sons
Bandits
cooperated with corrupt government officials, started pipeline explosions.
Olusegun Obasanjo
Became Nigerian President in 1999. Distanced himself away from the military. Started many economic reforms.
Aswan Dam
Egyptians completed the first ___ on the Nile in 1902
water
Egypt faces environmental challenges caused by this resource.
Aswan High Dam
Dam on the Nile River in Egypt, completed in 1970, increased Egypt's farmable land and protected it from drought.
50 percent
The Aswan High Dam increased Egypt's farmable land by ___ percent.
Lake Nasser
Egypt shares this with Sudan, it the artificial lake created behing Aswan Dam. Stretches 300 miles.
relocated
the Aswan Dam caused peopleto be ____ including thousands of Nubians, whose life was permanently changed.
silt
sediment
fertility
The Aswan Dam decreased the ____ of the soil around the Nile, making farmers rely on expensive fertilizers.
malaria
Rates of ___ and other diseases have increased due to the greater number of mosquitos, which thrive in the still waters of Lake Nasser and irrigation canals.
Sahara
largest desert in the world
The Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea
Sahara desert goes from the ___ to the_____
north to south
The Sahara desert goes in the direction of ___ to___
sand
only 20 percent of the Sahara is ___
extreme
The Sahara has ____ conditions
Camel
Main transportation in Sahara desert
17
TRICK QUESTION: Camels can last ___ days without water
mountains rock formations and gravelly plains
most of the Sahara consists of ___ ____ and ____
aquifers
underground places where water collects
oasis
when the water in aquifers rises to the surface it is called an ___.
Cancer and Capricorn
Africa lies between tropic of ___ and tropic of ___
Central America
The rainforest in _____ receives the most rain
1 or 2
Most of Africa has ___ or ___ rainy seasons
Canopy
Uppermost layer of branches, about 150 feet above the ground. Enjoyed by birds, monkeys, and flying foxes.
Serengeti Plain
Large Topical Grassland in northern Tanzania. Covers most of Africa.
The Gaboon Viper
the largest african viper
18 2
Gaboon Viper could weigh up to __ pounds and have fangs more than __ inches long
endanger
slash-and-burn methods ____ the rainforest
Madagascar
Slash-and-burn is responsible for the nearly complete demolish of the ____ rainforest
fish
Mangrove tree roots are breeding grounds for ___
equator congo basin
Rainforests are located along the ____ in the area of the ________
slash and burn
Much of Africa's rain forests are being lost due to the ______ farming technique
17 feet
Rainforests get _____ of rainfall each year
Elephants Lions Rhinos Cape Buffalo and leopards
The Big Five are ____ ____ ____ ____ and ____`
Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn
90% of Africa is between the ______ and ____.
cold hot
Nighttime in Africa is ____ while the daytime may be ___
equator desert
The closer to the longer the rainy season, the closer to the ____the shorter the rainy season.
Rain Forest
Forests of Africa located along the equator in the area of the Congo Basin.
Decomposes
vegetation quickly ____ in African Rainforests
Plateau
Most prominent feature in Africa
basin
Each___ spans more than 625 miles across and is as much as 5,000 ft. deep
Nile River
Worlds longest river
high
The nile river has a ______ population density
Uganda to Sudan into Egypt
The Nile River goes from ____ to ____ into ____
north mediterranean
The nile river flows ___, and flows into _____ sea
waterfalls rapids and gorges
Africas river's contain ____ _____ and ____
Congo River
Forms continents largest network of waterways, 2,900 mile long, has a series of 32 waterfalls
cataract
what is another word for waterfall
trade and transport
Meandering courses make Africas rivers difficult for _____ and ____
rift valleys
the land that sunk to form long, thin valleys
Lake Tanganyika
Longest freshwater lake in the world (stretches 420 miles, depth of more than 4700 ft.)
volcanic
Africa contains mainly ____ mountains
Mount Kenya
One of Africa's unactive volcanoes (17,000 ft)
Mount Kilimanharo
One of Africa's unactive volcanoes, highest peak in Africa. (19,308 ft)
Escarpment
a steep slope with a nearly flat plateau top
Great Escarpment
The______ marks the edge of the continents plateau in Souther Africa.
chromium
South Africa is the world's largest producer of ___
stainless steel
Chromium is used in manufacturing ____-
80
South Africa produces nearly ___ percent of the world's platinum
30
South Africa produces nearly ___ percent of the world's gold
Ores and minerals
____ and ____ account for more than half of the total value of Africa's exports
7
Libya,Nigeria, Algeria, and Angola combine to produce over ___ percent of the worlds oil.
Libya Nigeria and Algeria
__ __ and __ are among the worlds leading petroleum producers
coffee
After oil, ___ is the most profitable commodity in Africa.
few
____ Africans drink coffee,
20
Africa grows ___ percent of the world coffee supply
Agriculture
Single most important economic activity in Africa
66
__ percent of Africans earn their living from farming
Lake Victoria
Africa's longest lake
Angola South Africa Botswana
____ ____ and ____ are high in diamons
Lumber Exports
Nigeria is high in ____ exports.
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