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AP Psych Chapter 13

Terms in this set (46)

psychopathology
the study of abnormal behavior and psychological dysfunction
situational context
the social or environmental setting of a persons behavior
situational discomfort
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maladaptive
anything that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life
psychological disorder
any pattern of behavior or thinking that causes people significant distress, causes them to harm others, or harms their ability to function in daily life
biological model
model of explaining behavior as caused by biological changes in the chemical, structural, or genetic systems of the body
cognitive psychologists
psychologists who study the way people think, remember, and mentally organize information.
sociocultural perspective
perspective that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture; in psychopathology, perspective in which abnormal thinking and behavior (as well as normal) is seen as the product of learning and shaping within the context of the family, the social group to which one belongs, and the culture within which the family and social group exist.
cultural relativity
the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place
cultural syndromes
sets of particular symptoms of distress found in particular cultures, which may or may not be recognized as an illness within the culture
anxiety disorders
class of disorders in which the primary symptom is excessive or unrealistic anxiety.
free floating anxiety
anxiety that is unrelated to any specific specific and known cause
phobia
an irrational, persistent fear of an object, situation, or social activity
social anxiety disorder
fear of interacting with others or being in social situations that might lead to a negative evaluation
specific phobia
fear of objects or specific situations or events
claustrophobia
fear or crowded or small spaces
acrophobia
fear of heights
agoraphobia
fear of going outside
panic attack
sudden onset of intense panic in which multiple physical symptoms if stress occur, often with feelings that one is dying.
panic disorder
disorder in which panic attacks occur more than once or repeatedly, and cause persistent worry or changes in behavior
generalized anxiety disorder
disorder in which a person has feelings of dread and impending doom along with physical symptoms of stress, which lasts 6 months or more
OCD
disorder in which intruding, recurring thoughts, or obsessions create anxiety that is relived by performing a repetitive, ritualistic behavior or mental act (compulsion)
acute stress disorder
a disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with symptoms of anxiety, dissociation, recurring nightmares, sleep disturbances, problems in concentration, and moments in which people seem to "relive" the event in dreams and flashbacks for as long as 1 month following the event
PTSD
a disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with symptoms of anxiety, dissociation, nightmares, poor sleep, reliving the event, and concentration problems, lasting for more than one month; symptoms may appear immediately, or not occur until 6 months or later after the traumatic event.
magnification
the tendency to interpret situations as far more dangerous, harmful, or important than they actually are.
all or nothing thinking
the tendency to believe that ones performance must be perfect or the result will be a total failure
overgeneralization
distortion of thinking in which a person draws sweeping conclusions based on only one incident or event and applies those conclusions to events that are unrelated to the original; the tendency to interpret a single negative event as a neverending pattern of defeat and failure.
minimization
the tendency to give little or no importance to ones successes or positive events and traits
major depressive disorder
severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause or is too severe for current circumstances
manic
having the quality of excessive excitement, energy, and elation or irritability
bipolar disorder
periods of mood that may range from normal to manic, with or without episodes of depression or spans of normal mood interspersed with episodes of major depression and episodes of hypomania
dissociative disorders
disorders in which there is a break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or some combination
fugue
a rare psychiatric disorder characterized by amnesia of personal identity and travel is generally involved, without memory of how they arrived.
dissociative identity disorder
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schizophrenia
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psychotic
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delusions
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hallucinations
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flat affect
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catatonia
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positive symptoms
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negative symptoms
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stress vulnerability model
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personality disorders
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antisocial personality disorder
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borderline personality disorder
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