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SEX & GENDER: Exam 2 Review

Terms in this set (98)

***read/go through all articles***
...
Tanenbaum - Slut! Growing Up Female with a Bad Reputation
women are shamed for their sexuality

women upheld to the double standard

boys look down on girls for having sex even though they want sex themselves

women are caught between conflicting pressures between having sex and not - damned if you do, damned if you don't

stop slut bashing!!!
Pascoe - Dude, You're a Fag
anti-gay slurs are mostly direct at boys

any boy can temporarily become a fag if acting like a girl (word used to police boys to stop acting feminine)

applied to white males more than African American males (gendered homophobia)

defines queer theory: sexual power is embedded in different levels of social life

auto-shop - masculine;
theatre - "fag site"
Fausto-Sterling - The Five Sexes: Why Male and Female Are Not Enough
males
females
herms - one testes, one ovary
merms - had testes, but looked feminine
ferms - had ovaries, but looked masculine
Lucal - Building Boxes and Policing Boundaries
making boxes out of society - construction and maintenance with respect to gender & sexuality

we organize our lives around them

intersexuality transgenders & bisexuality confuse the boxes and categories that we make
intersectionality - different sections of your life; systems overlap (black women)

intersexuality - inconsistency in chromosomes, hormones, genitalia
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Averett - The Gender Buffet: LGBTQ Parents Resisting Heteronormativity
conformity depends on multiple things: state, community, race of parents, education levels, etc.

intersectional approach (lots of aspects overlapping)

MASS - depending on what state they lived in, good community & educated - great

TX - encouraged more conformity because community not as strong

less educated more likely to encourage conformity
Kane - No Way My Boys Are Going to be Like That!
there is a greater range of opportunities & interests promoted for girls

limited number of attributes and abilities for boys that are looked upon as good (wants to limit boys' emotions - discourage them playing with girls - mostly heterosexual fathers)
Hodder - What's in a Name?
how names become androgynous

typically male dominated and female dominated names, but when a male dominated name/androgynous name becomes female, it never goes back to male
Thorne - Girls and Boys Play Together...But Mostly Apart: Gender Arrangements in Elementary Schools
segregation: "two worlds model" (difference between boys & girls play - boys take up most of the space, girls small/close to the buildings)

relationships between the sexes (border work, interactions infused with heterosexual meaning, crossing gender boundaries, relaxed cross sex interactions)
Messner - Barbie Girls vs. Sea Monsters: Children Constructing Gender
girl & boy soccer teams - gender performance in context (structural & cultural)

boys chase after the girls when they all realize they're looking at them; girls not super feminine, but had bows & Barbies
Media Theories
reflection hypothesis

role learning theory

organizational theories

capitalism & the media
Urla - The Anthropometry of Barbie: Unsettling Ideals of the Feminine Body in Popular Culture
Barbie gives girls unrealistic expectations for their bodies

complex false meaning of femininity
Pope - Evolving Ideals of Male Body Image as Seen Through Action Toys
GI Joes - become more masculine/muscular/meaner
understand that/how the gender binary is hierarchical
limited ranges for masculinity in men (limits women's power; brings more power to some than others)

ranges for women are much broader and more socially acceptable (tom boy in little girls are looked upon as okay as little boys who are girly are characterized as sissies)

*there is an ideal type and a hierarchy of masculinity which brings some more power than others

men always have access to higher levels and women will NEVER have access to top levels
(androcentrism -notion that we grant higher status/respect/value to the masculine (not the feminine))
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