sociology deviance and crime

Deviance
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 50
Terms in this set (50)
Deviance
is behavior that violates expected rules and norms
Formal Deviance
breaks laws/official rules.
Informal deviance
violates customary norms.
Sanctions
punishment for breaking norms, rules, and laws.
Informal sanctions
such as verbal reprimands
Formal sanctions
such as being sent to prison
Medicalization of deviance
how society classifies different types of behavior.
Alcoholism
is still borderline between illness and criminal
Functionalists
focus on how the behavior and the audiences reactions contribute to the stability of society.
Durkheim
Who criticized the theories that those who commit suicide are mentally deranged.
Three types of suicide1. Anomic, 2. Altruistic, 3. EgoisticAnomiewhen normal social regulations break down, or when normal everyday life is disrupted and people live in a state of normlessness.Anomic suicideis suicide committed by people when the disintegrating forces in the society make individuals feel lost or alone.Altruistic suicideis when there is excessive regulation of individuals by social forces.Egoistic suicideoccurs when people feel totally detached from society.Womenwho have lower suicide rates men or women.Robert Merton, functionalist, (1910-2003)Who developed the strain theory of deviance.Three types of deviant behavior1. Retreatism, 2. Ritualism, 3. RebellionRetreatismneither the goal nor the means are available to select.Ritualismthe goal is unrealistic and the means are available.Rebellionnew goals and new means substitute traditional ones.Social control theoryexamines the cultures value systems and peoples attachment-or lack thereof- to the cultures values.conflict perspectiveargues that the economic structure of capitalism produces deviance and crime.White collar crimewealthy elite will always exploit the poor and working class.Two perspectives developed to explain deviant behavior.-Differential Association by Edwin Sutherland -Labeling Theory by W.I. ThomasChicago SchoolBoth of these perspectives originated in the what?Sutherlandwho believed people become criminals when they are more strongly socialized to break the law than to obey it.Labelwhen a person is assigned a deviant identity by others, including by agents of social institutions.Labeling theorydeviance refers not just something one does, but something one becomes.Deviant identityis the definition a person has of himself or herself as a deviant.Deviant communitiesare similar to subgroups and countercultures.They maintain their own values, norms, and rewards for behavior.The schools of thoughtwho can help us understand the dimensions of race, social class, gender, are also reflected in these forms of behaviorFunctionalismby recognizing mental illness, society upholds normative values about more conforming behavior.conflictthose with limited resources are defined as mentally ill, and get medication; the middle and upper classes get psychotherapy.Symbolic interactionmentally ill people are not necessarily "sick," but are the victims of societal reactions to their behavior.crimedeviant behavior that violates laws.Criminologyis the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior.The Uniform Crime Reportsare based on actual national incident reports made by the police.Index crimesare crimes of murder, manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault, plus property crimes of burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft.Personal Crimes(murder, aggravated assault, rape, and robbery)Property Crimes(burglary, larceny, auto theft, and arson)Victimless crimesinclude gambling, illegal drug use, and prostitution, in which there is no complainant.Organized crimecrime committed by structured groupsCorporate crimetakes place in and is endorsed by a bureaucracy.Minority defendantsWho are found guilty more often than white defendants.Minoritieswho have less success with plea bargains.Terrorismis a violent action to achieve political ends.B. anomieAccording to Durkheim, _____ is the condition that exists when social regulations in a society break down. A.altruism B.anomie C.egoism D.de-structuralismD. Conflict theory_____ argues that the economic organization of capitalist societies produces deviance and crime. A.Differential association theory B.Labeling theory C.Structural strain theory D.Conflict theoryA. Deviant IdentityThe definition a person has of himself or herself as a deviant is their _____. A.deviant identity B.deviant career C.self-concept D.deviant label