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Evolution Terminology and BioTerms 11

Terms in this set (33)

Adaptation
The process of becoming adapted to an environment; an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral trait that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce.
Allele Frequency
The proportion of gene copies in a population that are a given allele, expressed as a percentage.
Allopatric Speciation
When a species arise as a result of geographic isolation.
Directional Selection
A type of natural selection in which the most extreme form of a trait is favored and becomes more common.
Disruptive Selection
A type of natural selection in which two extreme forms of a trait are selected.
Stabilizing Selection
A type of natural selection in which the average form of a trait is favored and becomes more common.
Emigration
The movement of an individual or group out of an area.
Theory of Evolution
"On the origin of species" is the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits.
Fitness
In evolutionary theory, a measure of an individual's hereditary contribution to the next generation.
Gene Pool
All the genes of the reproducing active members of a population.
Genetic Drift
The random change in allele frequency in a population.
Geographic Isolation
The physical separation of populations due to geographic barriers that prevent interbreeding.
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
The principle that states the frequency of alleles in a population does not change over generations unless outside forces act on the population.
Immigration
The movement of an individual or group in an area.
Microevolution
A change in the collective genetic material of a population.
Morphology
The study of the structure and form of an organism.
Natural Selection
The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapter individuals do; theory to explain the mechanism of evolution.
Phenotype Frequency
The ratio of individuals with a particular phenotype to the total number of individuals in a population.
Population Genetics
The study of the frequency and interaction of alleles and genes in populations.
Reproductive Isolation
The inability of members of a population to successfully interbreed with members of another population of the same or a related species.
Sympatric Speciation
Occurs when two subpopulations become reproductively isolated within the same geographic area.
Sexual Selection
An evolutionary mechanism by which traits that increase the ability of individuals to attract or acquire mates appear with increasing frequency in a population; selection in which a mate is chosen on the basis of a particular trait or traits.
Speciation
The formation of new species as a result of evolution.
photo-, lumin
Light
-phyte
Plant
pino-
Drink
pinn-, plum-, -pter
Wing, Feather, Fin
platy-
Flat
dendro-, arbor-
Tree
chel-
Claw
schizo-
Split
-ose
Sugar
-ase
Enzyme
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