Psych Ch 2 - Notes A

Experimenter Bias
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 36
Terms in this set (36)
Experimenter Bias
put value on something and assume things that are incorrect (ex higher hand in poker is harder to get than a bad hand)
Science
combo of logic with research and experimentation
Logic
assuming a relationship between 2 things and deciding what is likely to happen. Educated guesses.
Eric
Examine all statements and Claims
eRic
Realize people are bias, beliefs are shaped by experiences
erIc
Identify biases and assumptions
eriC
consult diverse sources of information
The Scientific Method: OPTIC
Observe, predict, test, interpret, communicate
Descriptive Studies
describe what your observing (Case Studies, surveys, naturalistic observation)
Naturalistic Observation
record behavior in naturally occurring situations (James Goodall- lived with chimpanzees and recorded data)1
Advantages to Naturalistic Observationrealistic picture of behaviorDisadvantages to Naturalistic Observationsuncontrollable variables (weather) Observer Effect observer biasObserver Effectobserver can affect subjects behaviorObserver Biasobservers see what they expect to see.Participant Observationobserver acts as a group participantBlind Observersobservers that do not know what the research question isLaboratory observation A&DAdvantage - control over environment/subjects. allows use of specialized equipment Disadvantages- artificial situation may = artificial behaviorCase study A&DAdvantage- alot of detail, patterns are detected disadvantage- can't generalize (Phineas Cage- rod through brain)SurveysCollects self reported attitudes or behaviors of people. uses representative sample (a portion of the pop represents all of it)Survey A&DA) allows the study of variables that are impossible or unethical to manipulate. efficient- looks like alot of data D) has diversity. people arent always truthfulRandom Assignmentequal chance of being put in one group than the otherCorrelational Studiesa measure of the relationship b/w 2 variblesConfounda variable whose influence on the dependent variable cannot be separated from the independent variable being examined.correlation Coefficienttells us the strength and the direction of the relationshipPositive Correlation CoefficientPositive relationship- one goes up, they both go upNegative Correlation Coefficientinverse relationship- one goes up, the other goes downExperimental StudiesOnly studies that can determine causationControl Groupgroup of participants who are treated the same as the experimental except they don't receive the independent variableIndependent VariableVariable determined by the experimenter, manipulated by the expermenterdependent VariableDepends on which independent Variable it getsoperational definitiondefinition of variable that allows it to be precisely measured and that is replicableExperimental Groupthe participants being testedExperimental Studies A&DA) determines Cause/Effect relationships D) Placebo Effect. Single-blind study. experimenter Effect.Placebo Effectwhen the expectations of the participants in a study unintentionally influence their behavior. (ex: thinking drunk when you thought you had alcohol, but you were just given a Odual)Single- Blind studysubjects don't know if they are in control or experiment group. avoids the possibility that participants will behave in a biased way.double-blind studiesneither the researcher or the participants know who has been assigned which condition. avoids biased outcomes from the experimenter.