Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

Bio 180 Exam 4 BYUI

Terms in this set (41)

The process by which nutrients are degraded to salvage their components and or generate energy is called?
catabolism
When 10,000 molecules of ATP are hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi in a test tube, about twice as much heat is liberated as when the same amount of ATP is hydrolyzed in a cell . Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?
The hydrolysis of ATP in a cell produces different chemical intermediates than does the reaction in a test tube
Some people say that the energy currency abilities of ATP come primarily from its ability to easily transfer phosphate groups from its tri-phosphate tail to another substrate. What makes the phosphate groups of ATP so "anxious" to leave in favor of another substrate?
Phosphate group contain multiple negative charges that repel each other
in organic chemical reactions are often ehated under a Bunsen burner. Why?
This increases the entropy component of Gibbs free energy
Which of the following statements is a logical consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?
Every chemical reaction must increase the total entropy of the universe
enzymatic regulation with the most appropriate description:

A regulator produced by an enzyme or by a subsequent enzyme in a metabolic pathway will decrease the activity of the enzyme.


A regulator produced by an enzyme or by a subsequent enzyme in a metabolic pathway will decrease the activity of the enzyme.


Changing the temperature or pH will alter the activity of an enzyme.


A regulator will bind to an enzyme at a site other than the active site and cause a conformational shift either activating or inhibiting the enzyme.


Enzymes are made or destroyed when a cell needs or doesn't need to catalyze a particular reaction.
feedback inhibition, spatial regulation, environmental regulation, allosteric regulation, temporal regulation
Zinc, an essential trace element for most organisms, is present in the active site of the enzyme carboxypeptidase. The zinc most likely functions as a(n)
cofactor necessary for enzyme activity
which of the following conditions would favor pyruvate oxidation?
Aerobic
which statement most accurately describes the production of ATP during gycolysis
1,3 bisphosphoglycerate has sufficient potential energy for the creation of 2 ATP
An organism is discovered that consumes a considerable amount of sugar, yet does not gain much weight when denied air. Curiously, the consumption of sugar increases as air is removed from the organism's environment, but the organism seems to thrive even in the absence of air. When returned to normal air, the organism does fine. Which of the following best describes the organism?
it is a facultative anaerobe
Carbon skeletons for amino acid biosynthesis are supplied by intermediates of the citric acid cycle. Which intermediate would supply the carbon skeleton for synthesis of a five-carbon amino acid?
alpha- Ketoglutarate
how does pyruvate enter the matrix of the mitochondrion?
active transport
Electrons will only travel through the electron transport chain in one direction. For example, from complex three to cytochrome c and not vice versa. Which of the following terms can be used to best explain this phenomenon.
reduction potential
Match the correct number of products produced when a single NADH delivers electrons to the electron transport chain.

Number of water molecules produced

Maximal number of ATP produced

Total number of electons transferred

Number of oxygen molecules produced

Total number of protons pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space
one, three, two, zero, ten
The reaction centers in Photosystem I and II get their names from the wavelength of light that is optimally needed to excite their electrons. Which of the following statements is true then about these excitation wavelengths?
They have a lower energy level than most wavelengths of visible light
where wold you find photosystem I?
thylakoid membrane
The jellyfish Aequorea Victoria contains a fluorescent protein that is optimally excited by 488nm wavelength light (a blue-green color). Based on your understanding of the second law of thermodynamics, which of the following describe the light emitted by this protein following excitation?
A green color with a wavelength above 488 nm
You are motor biking on the St Anthony sand dunes when you run across a previously unknown plant species. You bring a sample to the lab to study its regulation of photosynthesis. You inject radioactive malate into the leaf and find that there is a loss of malate during daytime when temperatures are high but there is no loss of malate during the cooler nighttime temperatures. From this data you surmise that your plant is a new variety that uses the
CAM strategy
which of the following are contributing factors to the 'Rubisco problem'
Plants loose water when they exchange gases through open stomata
When a plants close stomata O2 accumulates in the cell
Excess O2 will be used by ribulose instead of CO2 and ribulose will be oxygenated instead of carboxylated
what is the purpose of cyclic electron flow?
To produce enough ATP to power the Calvin Cycle
Some people say that the energy transfer abilities of ATP come primarily from its ability to easily transfer electrons from hydroxyl groups on its nitrogenous base to NAD+. What makes the Hydroxyl groups so ready to donate electrons?
The nitrogenous base is not responsible for the energy transfer abilities of ATP
Larger more complex molecules like glucose have more potential energy than smaller less complex molecules like carbon dioxide because
Glucose has more chemical bonds than carbon dioxide
as a reaction proceeds toward equilibrium its deltaG will eventually be positive
False
equilibrium is delta G= 0
Molecule A has a total of 15 covalent bonds and is stored at a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius in system A. Molecule B has a total of 5 covalent bonds and is stored at a temperature of 45 degrees Celsius in system B. Assume there are 100 molecules of each in their respective systems. Which system contains more potential energy?
System A because it has more covalent bonds
When ATP releases some energy, it also releases inorganic phosphate. What purpose does this serve (if any) in the cell?
It can be added to other molecules in order to activate them
according to the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis, which of the following is correct?
The binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme's active site.
Succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. The reaction is inhibited by malonic acid, which resembles succinate but cannot be acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase. Increasing the ratio of succinate to malonic acid reduces the inhibitory effect of malonic acid. Based on this information, which of the following is correct?
Succinate is the substrate and fumarate is the product.
When electrons move closer to a more electronegative atom, what happens?
Energy is released and the mroe electonegative atom is reduced.
substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed during glycolysis?
100%
Caproic acid is a 6-carbon fatty acid (C6H12O2). When compared to glucose (C6H12O6), which molecule would yield a higher number of carbon dioxide molecules following its complete metabolism
Carbon Dioxide production will be the same for both molecules
How Many molecules of CO@ are formed by 5 turns of the citric acid cycle
10, 2 per turn
starting with citrate, which of the following combinations of products would result form three turns of the citric acid cycle?
3 ATP, 6 CO2, 9NADH AND 3 FADH2
Which of the following describes the sequence of electron carriers in the electron transport chain, starting with the least electonegative?
FMN, FE-S, ubiquinone, cytochromes (cyt)
which portion of the ATP synthase complex has active sites for ATP and actually does the catalysis?
F1 region- B subunits
If a photon of violet light is absorbed by a solution of chlorophyll. HOw is the absorbed energy eventually released?
a new photon of red light is emitted
Which of the following terms is not associated with photsystem II
Chlorophyll
Pheophytin
Cyclic electron flow
plastoquinone
p680
cyclic electron flow
How many NADPH molecules are required to generate 3 molecules of glucose?
36
How many ribulose bisphosphates must be fixed with CO2 to sustainably remove a single glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate from the Calvin cycle for the synthesis of glucose?
3
The ATP prouced inthe chloroplast stomata is
only used in the Calvin Cycle
which of the following stages requires ATP
reduction stage
Ribulose regeneration stage
8
...
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...