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BIOS Chapter 21.5

Terms in this set (37)

B cells
Serve as antigen-presenting cells in humoral immunity; differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells
CD4 (T4) cells
T lymphocytes with CD4 surface glycoproteins; helper and regulatory T cells
CD8 (T8) cells
T lymphocytes with CD8 surface glycoproteins; cytotoxic T cells
Cytotoxic T (killer T, TC, or CD8) cells
Effectors of cellular immunity; directly attack and destroy enemy cells; produce perforin, granzymes, interferon, tumor necrosis factor, and other cytokines
Dendritic cells
Branched, mobile APCs of the skin, mucous membranes, and lymphatic tissues; internalize antigen, migrate to lymph nodes, and present it to TH and TC cells
Eosinophils
Phagocytize and degrade Ag-Ab complexes
Helper T (TH) cells
Play a central regulatory role in innate, humoral, and cellular immunity; recognize antigen fragments displayed by APCs with MHC-II proteins; secrete interleukins that activate B, TC, and NK cells, neutrophils, and macrophages
Macrophages
Phagocytize pathogens and expended or damaged host cells; act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
Memory B cells
Activated B cells that do not immediately differentiate into plasma cells; act as a pool of B cells that can execute a quick secondary response upon reexposure to the same antigen that initially activated them
Memory T cells
Activated T cells that do not immediately differentiate into effector T cells; act as a pool of T cells that can execute a quick T cell recall response upon reexposure to the same antigen that initially activated them
Naive lymphocytes
Immunocompetent lymphocytes that are capable of responding to an antigen but have not yet encountered one
Plasma cells
Develop from B cells that have been activated by helper T cells; synthesize and secrete antibodies
Regulatory T (TR) cells (T-regs)
T cells that inhibit other T cells from multiplying or secreting cytokines; important especially in preventing autoimmune diseases but may also play defensive roles against infection and cancer and protect the fetus from maternal immune responses
Reticular cells
Fixed cells in the stroma of the lymph nodes and other lymphatic organs; act as APCs in the thymus, with a role in maturation of T cells
Antibody (Ab)
A gamma globulin produced by plasma cells in response to an antigen; counteracts antigen by means of complement fixation, neutralization of toxins, agglutination, or precipitation
Antigen (Ag)
Molecule capable of triggering an immune response; usually a protein, polysaccharide, glycolipid, or glycoprotein
Complement
Group of plasma proteins that help to destroy pathogens by cytolysis, phagocytosis, immune clearance, or innate immunity (inflammation)
Granzyme
Proteolytic enzyme produced by NK and TC cells; enters the pore made by perforins, degrades enzymes of the enemy cell, and induces apoptosis
Hapten (incomplete antigen)
Small molecule initially unable to trigger an immune response by itself but able to bind to host molecules and produce a complex that is antigenic; may subsequently activate an immune response without binding to a host molecule
Interleukin
Cytokine produced by leukocytes and macrophages to stimulate other leukocytes
Perforin
A protein produced by NK and TC cells that binds to target cells, produces a hole, and admits granzymes into the cell
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
Cytokine secreted by TC cells that activates macrophages and kills cancer cells
Disease agents (Cellular Immunity)
Intracellular viruses, bacteria, yeasts, and protozoans; parasitic worms; cancer cells; transplanted tissues and organs
Disease agents (Humoral Immunity)
Extracellular viruses, bacteria, yeasts, and protozoans; toxins, venoms, and allergens; mismatched RBCs
Effector cells (Cellular Immunity)
Cytotoxic T cells
Effector cells (Humoral Immunity)
Plasma cells (develop from B cells)
Other cells involved in attack (For both Cellular and Humoral Immunity)
Helper T cells
Antigen-presenting cells (Cellular Immunity)
B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, nearly all cells
Antigen-presenting cells (Humoral Immunity)
B cells
MHC proteins (Cellular Immunity)
MHC-I and MHC-II
MHC proteins (Humoral Immunity)
MHC-II only
Chemical agents of attack (Cellular Immunity)
Perforins, granzymes, interferons, tumor necrosis factor
Chemical agents of attack (Humoral Immunity)
Antibodies, complement
Mechanisms of counteracting or destroying pathogens (Cellular Immunity)
Cytolysis, phagocytosis, apoptosis
Mechanisms of counteracting or destroying pathogens (Humoral Immunity)
Cytolysis, phagocytosis, immune clearance, inflammation, neutralization, agglutination, precipitation
Memory (Cellular Immunity)
T cell recall response
Memory (Humoral Immunity)
Secondary (anamnestic) response
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