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Chemistry: Chapter 17

Terms in this set (28)

What is a reaction that can take place in both the forward and reverse directions? It leads to an equilibrium state where the forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.
Reverse Reaction
What is the state in which forward and reverse reactions balance each other because they occur at equal rates?
Chemical Equilibrium
What states that at a given temperature, a chemical system may reach a state in which a particular ratio of reactant and product concentration has a constant value?
Law of Chemical Equilibrium
What is the numerical value that describes the ratio of product concentration to reactant concentration, with each raised to the power corresponding to its coefficient in the balanced equation (Keq)?
Equilibrium Constant
What is a state of equilibrium that occurs when all the reactants and products of a reaction are in the same physical state?
homogeneous equilibrium
What is a state of equilibrium that occurs when the reactants and products of the reaction are in more than one physical state?
heterogeneous equilibrium
What states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system shifts in the direction that relieves the stress?
Le Chateiler's Principle
What is an equilibrium constant for the dissolving of a sparingly soluble ionic compound in water (Ksp)?
Solubility Product Constant
What is an ion that is common to two or more ionic compounds?
Common Ion
What is the lowering of the solubility of a substance by the presence of a common ion?
Common Ion Effect
What is a point of balance?
Equilibrium
At chemical equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction = ?
rate of the reverse reaction
Keq is __________.
unitless
If Keq > 1, ______ are favored.
products
If Keq < 1, _____ are favored.
reactants
If Keq = 1, ______ are favored.
neither
What are not included in Keq equations?
solids and liquids
Why are solids and liquids not included in Keq equations?
density does not change with temp.
Equilibrium constants (Keq) are the same at ____ _____ regardless of initial concentrations of reactants and products.
given temperatures
Varying _____ _____ of reactants and products can be can be used to determine Keq for a given temp. This represents an equilibrium position.
initial concentrations
For a given temperature, every reaction has only 1 value for Keq, but an unlimited amount of ______ _____.
equilibrium positions
The _____ the Keq value, the more the reaction goes to completion. (More product in system).
larger
The ____ the Keq value, the less the reaction goes to completion. (Less product in system).
smaller
All equilibrium reactions occur in a ____ system.
closed
During an equilibrium reaction, all reactants and products are in constant ____ ____.
dynamic motion
What three things can restore equilibrium?
concentration, temperature, pressure
What is the production of ammonia (NH3) known as?
Haber Process
What are the best conditions for the production of ammonia?
removing ammonia, high temp, high pressure
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