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PSSA Reading Vocabulary - Grade 4 Starr1

Terms in this set (64)

alliteration
a group of neighboring words that begin with the same sound
analysis
identifying the parts of a whole and examining the relationships/connections among ideas and details
antonym
one word that is the opposite of another word
author's purpose
the author's reason for writing
biography
the story of a person's life written by another person
cause
an action or event that leads to an effect
compare
to tell how two or more things are alike
conflict
a struggle between characters, forces, or emotions (a problem)
content specific words
vocabulary words that are important to a particular subject area
context clues
word or words from the text that helps the reader figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word
contrast
to tell how two or more things are different
dialogue
conversation between people in a story
effect
this happens as a result of an action, event, or cause
fiction
a story that is not true; it is created in the author's imagination
figurative language
language that cannot be taken literally because it was written to create a special feeling
genre
a type or category of literature
graphics
visual aids within a text: charts, map, graphs, timeline
heading
a word or phrase in bold print that show the text's topic or theme
inference
a conclusion based on facts, reasoning and "reading between the lines" rather than a direct statement
informational text
a nonfiction text, written to share factual information
literary nonfiction
includes literary elements normally found in fiction, but it tells about real people, places, or events
literary devices
tools used by the author to make the story interesting i.e. figurative language
main idea
the author's most important point, usually found in the topic sentence
multiple meaning words
words that can have several meanings, depending on how they are used in a sentence
narrative
type of text that tells a story (may be fiction or nonfiction)
nonfiction
factual writing that explains, informs, or describes (rather than entertains)
paraphrase
to restate something you read or hear by putting it in your own words
personification
giving human qualities, feelings, or actions to something that is not human
plot
a story's sequence of events, usually includes a problem
prefix
a group of letters placed at the beginning of a word to change its meaning
setting
a story's time and place
simile
comparing two unlike things by using the words "like" or "as"
style
how an author writes, using language to interest the reader in his or her purpose
suffix
a group of letters placed at the end of a word to change its meaning
summarize
to retell the most important parts of a text in a much shorter space, and in your own words
synonym
one word that has the same meaning as another word
theme
a major idea that is the topic of discussion or writing
third-person point of view
events of the story told outside of the character, a narrator shares the events using character names and pronouns he/she
text features
Print features that add information to an informational text. Helps a reader easily find information .
( bold print, italics, maps, charts, labels, headings).
supporting ideas
An idea that explains more about a main idea.
shades of meaning
The small, subtle differences in meaning between similar words or phrases
(e.g., knew/believed/suspected).
recount
To provide a brief retelling of key events in the order of occurrence
first person
narrator speaking directly about himself or herself: Uses pronouns I and me
fragment
A group of words that is not a complete sentence because it lacks a subject or predicate
Key detail
information in a text that strongly supports the describes the topic, theme, or main idea
Key event
An important occurrence within a text.
key word
A word choice that strongly supports the tone, mood, or meaning of the text.
literal meaning
taking words in their usual and basic meaning, nonfigurative meaning.
myth
A story that tries to explain the origin of the world . passed on from one generation to the next and usually contain gods, or supernatural beings,
Problem/Solution
A type of text structure in which a difficulty is identified and possible solutions are given
Proverb
A saying that reflects wisdom and has practical application to everyday life (e.g., Two wrongs don't make a right).
run-on
Two or more complete sentences without correct punctuation or conjunctions.
story elements
The important parts of a story: character, setting, plot
text structure
how information within a text is organized (
Metaphor
1. The process or result of identifying the parts of a whole and their relationships
to one another.
Hyperbole
An exaggeration or overstatement (e.g., I had to wait forever).
Idiom
An expression that icannot be understood
from the basic meaning of its words
Personification
An object or abstract idea given human qualities or human form
Speaker
The voice used by an author to tell or narrate a story or poem.
Example
An instance that serves as an illustration of a point, principle, or model.
Explain
To make understandable, plain, or clear.
Explicit
Clearly expressed or fully stated in the text
Integrate
To bring together or to combine information so as to produce a larger unit or
a whole.
Interprete
To give reasons through an explanation to show the meaning or understanding of a text.
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