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Science Quiz

Terms in this set (59)

Matter
Anything that has mass or takes up space.
Chemistry
The study of matter and how matter changes.
Substance
A kind of matter that is purely composed of one thing.
Physical Property
A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing it.
Chemical Property
A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to morph into another substance. (such as flammability)
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down any further by chemical or physical means.
Atom
A basic particle from which all elements are made.
Chemical Bond
A force of attraction between two atoms formed when they combine.
Molecule
A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
Compound
A substance made of two or more elements chemically in a set ratio.
Chemical Formula
A string of letters and numbers that shows the elements of a compound and their ratios.
Mixture
Two or more substances put in the same place without having them chemically bond.
Heterogeneous and Homogeneous mixtures
For Hetero, you can see individual ingredients of the mixture and they can be easily separated. For Homo, you cannot easily see or separate the individual ingredients of the mixture.
Distillation, evaporation, filtration, magnetic attraction
Ways to separate a mixture into its parts.
Physical Change
A change that alters the form or appearance of matter but does not turn any substance in the matter into a different substance.
Chemical Change
When a substance turns into another substance or a change in matter that produces one or more new substances.
Law of Conservation of mass
The fact that matter is not created or destroyed during a physical or chemical change.
Temperature
A measure of how hot or cold something is. It is related to the energy of motion of the particles of matter.
Thermal Energy
The total energy of the motion of all the particles in an object.
Endothermic Change
A change in which energy is absorbed.
Exothermic Change
A change that releases energy.
Chemical Energy
The energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms.
Law of Conservation of Mass
The fact that matter is not created or destroyed during any physical or chemical change.
Solid
The state of matter when it has a definite shape and volume.
Crystalline Solid
A solid in which the particles form a rigid and constant repeating pattern and melts at a distinct temperature.
Amorphous Solid
A solid in which the particles have no constant repeating pattern or distinct melting temperature.
Liquid
A state of matter that has a definite volume but indefinite shape.
Fluid
A substance that flows. (liquids)
Surface Tension
An inward pull among molecules in a liquid that brings those on the surface closer together.
Viscosity
A liquid's resistance to flowing.
Gas
A state of matter with an indefinite shape and volume.
Pressure
The force of a gas's outward push divided by the area of the walls of its container.
Freezing
At a liquid's freezing point, its particles move so slowly that they take fixed positions.
Vaporization
When the particles in a liquid gain enough energy to move independently.
Evaporation
Vaporization that takes place on the surface of a liquid.
Boiling and Boiling Point
Vaporization that takes place throughout the entire liquid; the temperature at which a liquid boils.
Condensation
When particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to become liquid.
Sublimation
When surface particles of a solid gain enough energy to become a gas without first becoming a liquid.
Charles's Law
When the temperature of a gas at constant pressure is increased, its volume increases and vice versa.
Boyle's Law
When the pressure of a gas at constant temperature is increased, the volume of the gas decreases and vice versa.
Reactant
A substance that undergoes a chemical change.
Product
The new substances formed as a result of a chemical change
Precipitate
A solid that forms from liquids during a chemical reaction/change.
Exothermic Reaction
A chemical reaction during which more energy is released than drawn in. (Stove: produces heat energy when natural gas burns.)
Endothermic Reaction
A chemical reaction during which more energy is drawn in than released. (Baking Soda, when combined with Vinegar, makes the area feel cold because it absorbs heat energy.)
Chemical Equation
A way to show a chemical reaction using symbols instead of words. You make them when you balance formulas.
In a chemical reaction
all items present at the beginning are present at the end, just rearranged.
Open System
When matter can freely enter or escape the surroundings. This helps explain the principle that matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. For instance, when you light a match of fire, oxygen comes into the reaction from the surrounding air.
Closed System
Matter neither enters or leaves during the reaction. For instance, a chemical reaction that occurs inside an air-tight container is a closed system.
Coefficent
Number placed in front of a chemical formula in an equation to show the number of atoms.
Synthesis
When two or more elements or compounds combine to make a more complex substance. One of the three types of Chemical Reactions.
Decomposition
When compounds break down into simpler products. One of the three types of Chemical Reactions.
Replacement
When one element replaces another in a compound, or if two trade places. One of the three types of Chemical Reactions.
Activation Energy
The minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction. All chemical reactions need a certain amount of activation energy.
Concentration
The amount of a substance in a given volume.
Catalyst
Something that increases the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy needed.
Enzyme
Biological catalysts found in your body that help reactions occur at body temperature.
Inhibitor
A material used to decrease the rate of a chemical activation by increasing the activation energy needed.
Lyrics to the Camelot Song from Monty Python and the Holy Grail
We're Knights of the Round Table.
We dance whene'er we're able.
We do routines and chorus scenes
With footwork impeccable.
We dine well here in Camelot.
We eat ham and jam and spam a lot.
We're Knights of the Round Table.
Our shows are formidable,
But many times we're given rhymes
That are quite unsingable.
We're opera mad in Camelot.
We sing from the diaphragm a lot.
In war we're tough and able,
Quite indefatigable.
Between our quests we sequin vests and impersonate Clark Gable.
It's a busy life in Camelot.
I have to push the pram a lot.
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