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Pivot point cosmetology chapter 15
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Gravity
Terms in this set (168)
Absorption
Skin's ability to permit substances like water and oxygen to pass through its tissues
Acid mantle
Layer of oil produced in the sebaceous glands combined with moisture produced in the sweat glands; keeps the skin smooth, prevents dirt and grime from entering the outer layer of the epidermis and also prevents the skin from drying or chapping; protects the cuticle or outer covering of the hair fiberand maitains the acid balance of hair and skin.
Acne
Chronic inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands; occurs most often on the face, back and chest.
Acute
Condition that is brief and severe
Albinism
Congenital failure of the skin to produce melanin pigment
Allergy
Sensitivity that may develop from contact with normally harmless substances; symptoms of an allergy may include itching, redness, swelling and/or blisters.
Analogous
Color scheme using three colors that are adjacent to each other on the color wheel
Anhidrosis
Lack of perspiration caused by fever or disease; requires medical attention
antiseptic
Product used to arrest or prevent the growth of microorganisms on the skin
artificial lashes
Eyelashes made from human hair or synthetic material applied to one's own lashes or in place of them for enhancement
Asteatosis
Condition of dry, scaly skin with reduced sebum production
Blend method
Permanent hair removal method; combo of galvanic qand thermolysis technology
Blush
Makeup that adds color or contour to the cheeks
Bromidrosis
Foul-smelling perspiration; also called osmidrosis
Brow/pencil powder
Makeup used to fill in or correct the shape of the eyebrows
Bulla
Lesion like a vesicle, but larger; found above and below the skin; contains a clear, watery fluid.
Callus
Thickening of the epidermis,which occurs from pressure and friction applied to the skin; sometimes called hyperkeratosis or keratoma
Carbuncles
Cluster of furuncles (BOILS) caused by an acute bacterial infection of several adjoining hair follicles
Chemical depilatory
Method of hair removal in the form of a cream, paste or powder; the main ingredient is a thioglycolic acid derivative, with an alkaline pH, that chemically softens and degrades the protein structure of the hair. PH is 14
Chloasma
Group of brownish macules (nonelevated spots) occuring in one place on the skin; commonly called liver spots; often occurs on the hands and face
Chronic
Condition that is frequent and habitual
Clay/mud mask
Skin care product applied to the face; recommended for normal or oily skin types
Cleanser aka face wash
Skin care product used to remove dirt, makeup and impurities
Cocoon wrap
Draping for a skin care service
Combination skin
Recognized by the shiny "T" zone (forehead, nose and chin) and the presence at the same time of a noticeable dryness in the cheek, jawline, and hairline areas; blackheads and enlarged pores are often evident on the nose and chin.
Comedones
Masses of sebum (oil) trapped in hair follicles; also called blackheads
Communicable disease
Contagious infection that can be transmitted from one person to another, usually through touch or through the air
Complementary colors
Colors found opposite of each other on the color wheel; in hair color they neutralize or cancel out one another when they are mixed together; used to neutralize unwanted tones.
Concealer
Makeup used to eliminate discoloration on the skin and reduce the appearance of blemishes
Congenital
Occurring at or before birth
Contagious disease
Communicable by contact; also known as a infectious or communicable disease
Contour
Outline of a figure; applying darker contour can narrow a wide jaw.
Cool colors
Violet, blue and green ranges of the color wheel
Cosmetic spatula
Implement used to remove cream from jars to meet infection control guidelines.
Crust
Dried masses that are the remains of an oozing sore; the scab on a sore is an example of a crust.
Dermatitis
Inflammatory disorder of the skin
Dermatitis venenata
Allergic reaction to certain cosmetics or chemicals; sometimes referred to as contact dermatitis
Dermatology
Study of the skin, its structure, functions, diseases and treatment.
Dermis
Underlying , or inner layer of the skin; also called derma, curium, cutis or true skin; made up of connective tissues; the sweat (sudoriferous) glands, oil (sebaceous glands), TRUE SKIN
Diamond-shaped facial shape
Elongated and angular; its widest area is at the cheekbones, while the forehead and chin are narrow. Least common facial shape
Dry skin
Characterized by signs such as peeling and flaking; chaps easily and has a general, all-over taut feeling; has fewer blemishes and is not prone to acne.
Eczema
Inflammation of the skin characterized by dry or moist lesions; requires medical attention.
Effleurage
Light, gliding massage strokes or circular manipulations made with the palms of the hands or pads of the fingertips; often used to begin and /or end a treatment; often used on the face, neck and arms because of its gentleness.
Electrolysis
Permanent method of hair removal that uses electric current to damage the cells of the papilla and disrupt hair growth; usually performed by a licensed professional called an electrologist.
Epidermis
Outermost layer of the skin; also referred to as cuticle or scarf skin (super thin)
Excoriation
Mechanical abrasions or injuries to the epidermis; e.g., scratches to the surface of the skin
Excretion
Elimination of sweat, salt and wastes through the skin or other excretory organs, thereby removing toxins from the body's internal systems
Eye shadow
Makeup used to accentuate the shape and color of the eye; also contours
Eye tabbing
Process of applying individual synthetic lashes to the client's own lashes
Eyeliner
Makeup used to accentuate and define the shape of the eye
Facial
Analysis, cleansing, exfoliation, massage and treatment of the face
Facial mask
Solution applied to the skin to hydrate, tighten pores or draw out excess oil; includes clay/mud, cream, gel, modeling and paraffin (warm wax)
Facial powder
Makeup product primarily designed to set other makeup products so that they last longer without fading, streaking or rubbing off
Facial steamer
Machine that sprays warm, humid mist on skin to open follicles for cleansing
Fissure
Cracks in the skin; e.g., chapped lips
Follicle
Cluster of cells in the upper layer of the skin; tubelike pocket called the root sheath, where the hair is located and grows from
Foundation
Makeup used to create an even skin tone and uniform surface
Friction
Circular or wringing movement with no gliding used on the scalp or with a facial when less pressure is desired; applied with the fingertips or palms; a way in which the hair cuticle can be damaged by combing and brushing
Furuncles
Boils; appear in the dermis and the epidermis and are caused by an acute infection
Galvanic electrolysis
Multiple needle method of permanent hair removal
Gel mask
Applied to the face to calm and soothe sensitive skin STATE QUESTION
Glands
Organs in the body by which certain substances are separated from the blood and changed into some secretion for use in the body, such as oil(sebaceous gland).
Heart-shaped face (triangle)
Long and angular; chin area is sometimes elongated and pointed, while forehead is wide
Herpes simplex
Contagious, chronic condition characterized by a single vehicle or group of vesicles, on a red, swollen base; usually appears on the lips, nostrils or other parts of the face; aka fever blister
High frequency machine
Machine used to create current that is thermal, or heat producing, and germicidal for treatment of the skin
Hirsuties
Hypertrichosis; superfluous hair; abnormal coverage of hair oh areas of the body where normally only lanugo hair appears
Hue
Name of a color; identifies the warmth or coolness of a color; tone
Hydration
Ability to keep the skin soft and supple and maintain moisture through water
Hyperhidrosis
Overproduction of perspiration caused by excessive heat or general body weakness; requires medical attention
Hyperpigmentation
Condition caused by over-activity of the melanocytes in the epidermis
Hypertrichosis
Hirsuties or superfluous hair; abnormal coverage of hair on areas of the body where normally only lanugo hair appears
Hypertrophies
Refers to new growths of skin; overgrowths of skin e.g. Mole, skin tag, callous
Impetigo
Highly contagious bacterial infection that produces a honey-yellow, crusted lesion, usually on the face
Inflammation
Objective symptom characterized by redness, pain, swelling and/or increased temp
Infrared lamp
Equipment that provides a soothing heat that penetrates into the tissues of the body; softens the skin to allow penetration of product and increased blood flow
Intensity
Refers to the vividness, brightness or saturation of a color within its own level; strength of the tone
Keratinization
Process whereby cells change their shape, dry out and form keratin protein; once keratinized, the cells that form the hair fiber or strand are no longer alive
Laser hair removal
Permanent hair removal method that uses wavelengths of light to diminish or destroy hair bulbs
Lentigo
A type of macula that is larger and darker than a freckle; the plural form is lentigines.
Lesion
Abnormal change in the structure of an organ or tissue
Leukaderma
Describes hypopigmentation (lack of pigmentation) of the skin caused by a decrease in activity of melanocytes
Lip gloss
Makeup used to add color to lips; imparts a shiny appearance to the lips; generally has less concentration of color than lipstick; has moistuturizing properties
Lip liner
Makeup used to define natural shape of the lips or correct the shape
Lipstick
Makeup used to add color and texture to the lips
Macule
Discoloration appearing on the skin's surface; a freckle is an example of a macule
Magnifying lamp
Provides thorough examination of skin's surface using magnification and glare-free light
Makeup
Application of products that add color, highlights, contours, and other enhancements to the face
Mascara
Makeup used to define, lengthen and thicken the eyelashes
Massage
Systematic, therapeutic method of manipulating the body by rubbing, pinching, tapping, kneading, stroking with the hands, fingers or an instrument
Melanin
Pigment that gives skin and hair their color
Melanocytes
Pigment producing cells that exist among the dividing cells within the hair bulb
Melanoderma
Term used to describe any hyperpigmentation caused by overactivity of the melanocytes in the epidermis
Melanosomes
Bundles of melanocytes that rest near the hair bulb's nourishment center, the dermal papilla
Milia
Caused by the accumulation of hardened sebum beneath the skin; also called whiteheads
Miliaria rubra
Acute eruption of small red vesicles with burning and itching of the skin caused by excessive heat; an inflammatory disorder of the sudriferous glands; prickly heat
Modeling mask
Applied to the face in a thick consistency; hardens to a rubber-like consistency and is pulled from the face in one piece; locks in moisture and creates a taut feeling
Moisturizer
Skin care product used to replenish moisture/oil and protect skin
Mole
Small brown pigmented spot on the skin that may be raised; hair often grown through moles, but should not be removed, unless advised by a physician
Monochromatic
Color scheme using the same color throughout
Naevus
Birthmark or a congenital mole; reddish purple flat mark; caused by dilation of the small blood vessels in the skin
Normal skin
Characterized by a fresh and healthy color, a firm, moist and smooth texture, freedom from blackheads and blemishes, and does not appear oily.
Objective symptom
Sign of a disorder or a disease that is visible e.g., implies or inflammation
Oblong (rectangle) facial shape
Long, narrow and angular; jawline is wide and almost horizontal
Oily skin
Condition that has an all-over shiny look and/ or rough texture with blackheads and enlarged pores
Oval facial shape
Rounded, long and narrow rather than wide and short; no dominant areas
Papilla
Hair structure filled with capillaries (small blood vessels) that supplies nourishment to the cells around it, called germinal matrix cells
Papillary canal
Skin structure that secretes oil (sebum) onto the surface of the skin
Papule
Hardened red elevations of the skin in which no fluid is present; a pimple without pus is an example of a papule
Pathology
Study of disease
Pear-shaped (trapezoid) facial shape
Most often elongated, with a forehead that is narrow and a jaw that is the widest area of the face
Petrissage
Light or heavy kneading and rolling of the muscles; performed by kneading muscles between the thumb and fingers or by pressing the palm of the hand imply over the muscles, grasping/squeezing with the heel of the hand and fingers; faces, arms, shoulders, back
Photo-epilation light
Permanent hair removal method using an intense pulsed light beam creating a burst of energy used to destroy hair bulbs with minimal scarring; aka pulsed light
Pigmentation abnormalities
Conditions of too much color or too little color in a particular area of the skin
Protection
Skin's function; shields the body from the direct impact of heat, cold, bacteria and other aspects of the environment that could be detrimental to one's health
Psoriasis
Round, dry patches of skin, covered with rough, silvery scales; condition is chronic and not contagious
Pustule
Small elevations of skin similar to vesicles in size and shape, but containing pus; a pimple with pus is an example of a pustule
Regulation
Skin's ability to help maintain the body's temperature
Rosacea
Chronic inflammatory congestion of the cheeks and nose, observed as redness, with papules and sometimes pustules present; also called acne rosacea
Round facial shape
Looks circular; appears to be rather short and wide rather than long and narrow
Scale
In hair design, establishing the lines of the design, carving shapes in the proper predetermined size and proportion; also known as section, in skin,shedding dead cells of the uppermost layer of the epidermis
Scar
Formations resulting from a lesion, which extend into the dermis or deeper, as part of the normal healing process; keloids are thick scars
Seasonal disease
Disease influenced by the weather
Sebaceous glands
Oil glands; partially controlled by the nervous system; sac-like glands that are attached to hair follicles; result in oily skin when an over-abundance of sebum is produced by the glands
Seborrhea
Condition caused by excessive secretion of the sebaceous glands
Sebum
Complex secretion contains a high percentage of fatty oil substance
Secondary skin lesion
Abnormal change in skin structure that appears as a disease progresses into the later stages of development
Sensation
Feeling generated by the nerve ending just under the outer layer of the skin that makes you aware of heat, cold, touch, pain and pressure; the reaction to a sensation is called a reflex.
Shade
Hue with black added
Shaving
Hair removal method using an electric shave, clippers or razor.
Skin
Largest organ of the body,, covers nearly 20 square feet of the body surface; contains nerve endings for sense of touch; protects the body from invasion by upside particles; aids in elimination of body wastes
Skin tag
Small elevated growth of skin
SPF
Sun protection factor; rating system for sunscreen to determine how long one can stay out in the sun without burning
Squamous cells
Cells with a flat, scale-like appearance; found in the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet (stratum lucidum)
Square facial shape
Short and wide; looks angular with straight lines
Steatoma
Sebaceous cyst or wen; a subcutaneous tumor of the sebaceous gland,filled with sebum
Stratum corneum
Uppermost layer of the epidermis; the toughest layer,composed of keratin protein cells that are continually shed and continually replaced by new cells from below
Stratum Germinativum
Lowest level of epidermis where mitosis or cell division takes place; begins with the stratum basale or basal cell layer,which is a single layer thick
Stratum granulosum
Layer of the epidermis below the stratum lucidum and above that stratum spinosum; in this layer the cells become more regularly shaped and look like tiny granules
stratum lucidum
Layer of epidermis just below the stratum corneum; it is the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, where there are no hair follicles
stratum spinosum
Layer of the epidermis just above the germinativum; sometimes considered part of the germinativum; includes cells that have absorbed melanin to distribute pigmentation to other cells
Subcutaneous layer (tissue)
Fatty layer below dermis of skin; protective cushion for skin; acts as shock absorber to protect the bones and to help support the delicate structures such as blood vessels and nerve endings; adipose layer
Subjective symptoms
Sign of a disorder or disease that is felt but not necessarily visible; for example, itching, burning
Sudoriferous glands
Controlled by the nervous system of the body; each gland consists of a coiled base and tube-like duct opening on the surface of the skin to form sweat pore; control and regulate body temps; excrete waste products; help to maintain the acidic pH factor of the skin
Sugaring
Hair removal technique that uses a paste made primarily of sugar applied to the skin in a rolling motion
T-zone
Area of the face consisting of the chin, nose, nasal-labial groove and forehead; skin in the t-zone may be prone to oily residue
Tapotement
Light tapping or slapping movement applied with the fingers or partly flexed fingers; used on the arms, back and shoulders; also called percussion or hacking
Thermolysis
High frequency/short wave method of permanent hair removal
Threading
Type of hair removal that utilizes 100 percent cotton thread that is twisted and rolled along the surface of the skin
Tinea
Medical term for ringworm; red, circular patch of small blisters, caused by a vegetable parasite
Tint
Hue with white added
Tone
Identifies the warmth or coolness of a color; name of a color, hue
Toner
In skin care, product used to purify the skin and restore pH
Triadic
Color scheme using three colors located in a triangular position on the color wheel
Tubercle
Large papule;; hardened red elevation of the skin with no fluid present
Tumor
Solid masses in the skin; may be soft or hard; may be fixed or freely movable; generally have a rounded shape; nodule is a small tumor
Tweezers
Small metal implement used to remove hair; also used to manage detail work such as nail art
Tweezing
Hair removal method that uses tweezers; process commonly used to remove unwanted hair from smaller areas, such as eyebrows, chin or around the mouth
Ulcer
Open lesion visible on the skin surface that may result in the loss of portions of the dermis and may be accompanied by pus
Vacuum
Creates mild suction; increases circulation to the surface,helpful in deep pore cleaning
Value
Degree of lightness or darkness of a color; aka level
Verruca
Wart
Vesicle
Fluid filled elevation in the skin caused by localized accumulation of fluids or blood just below the epidermis
Vibration
Shaking movement; your arms shake as you touch the client with your fingertips or palms
Vitiligo
Characterized by oval or irregular patches of white skin that do not have normal pigment
Warts
Aka verruca caused by virus can be contagious and can spread all over the body
Waxing
Temp. Hair removal method of applying ho or cold wax to skink allowing the wax to adhere to the skin and finally pulling of the wax/hair
Wheal
Solid formation above the skin, often caused by an insect bite or allergic reaction; e.g. Hives
Wood's lamp
Lamp with ultraviolet light used for analysis of the skin surface and deeper layers to aid in determining skin treatment
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