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Chapter 9 review

Terms in this set (15)

309-Definition of motivation, factors that motivate our behaviors
Motivation: factors of differing strength that energize, direct, and sustain behavior.

Factors: satisfaction of needs, drive reduction, optimal level of arousal, pleasure principle, and incentives.
310-Needs hierarchy-Abraham Maslow
Need hierarchy: an arrangement of needs, in which basic survival needs must be met before people can satisfy higher needs.

founded by abraham maslow
311-What is a drive
Drive: a psychological state that, by creating arousal, motivates an organism to engage in a behavior to satisfy a need.
312-What is Yerkes-Dodson Law, Freud's pleasure principle
Yerkes- Dodson law: students perform best with a little anxiety. Freud's pleasure principle: motivates people to seek pleasure and avoid pain.
314-Incentives, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation
Incentives: external objects or external goals, rather than internal drives, that motivate behaviors.

Extrinsic motivation: a desire to perform an activity because of the external goals that activity is directed toward.

Intrinsic motivation: a desire to perform an activity because of the value or pleasure associated with that activity, rather than for an apparent external goal or purpose.
317-318-Hormones that motivate eating
Ghrelin: a hormone, secreted by an empty stomach, that is associated with increasing eating behavior based on short-term signals in the bloodstream.
319-Cultural influence on eating
Some places can view a certain food delectable and other places can view that food as utterly disgusting (insects).
320-Need to belong and achievement
Need to belong theory: the need for interpersonal attachments is a fundamental motive that has evolved for adaptive purposes.

Achievement motivation: the need, or desire, to attain a certain standard of excellence.
322-Ability to delay immediate gratification
distraction and will power
323-What is grit
a very important factor that is related to a person's ability to achieve long-term goals is grit. The drive to keep working towards their goals through hardships and trials.
325-primary and secondary emotions
Primary emotions: evolutionary adaptive emotions that are shared across cultures and associated with specific physical states; they include anger, fear, sadness, disgust, happiness, and possibly surprise and contempt.

Secondary emotions: blends of primary emotions; they include remorse, guilt, submission, shame, and anticipation.
326-James Lange theory
James-Lange Theory: emotions result from the experience of physiological reactions in the body.
330-The Amygdala and its function
the function is emotions
331-332-How a person regulates emotions
through thought suppression and rumination, also distraction.
337-Affect-as-information-theory
Affect-as-information theory: people use their current moods to make decisions, judgments, and appraisals, even if they do not know the sources of the moods.
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