Evolution and Taxonomy

Speciation
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 32
Terms in this set (32)
Speciation
the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
Diversity
total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.
Natural Selection
-Variation in population
-Variations are favorable
-More young are produced than can survive.
-Those that survive have favorable variations
-Overtime small changes accumulate
Analogous
Similar purpose, similar use but not inherited from a common ancestor. (sugar glider, and flying squirrel.)
Convergent Evolution
Different types of organisms evolve similar characteristics.
Divergent Evolution
Isolated population evolve independently; No interbreeding (polar bear and grizzly bear)
Adaptive Radiation
one species adapts to occupy many niches at the same time. d
List the orders of classification beginning with domain and ending with species.
Domain (Do)
Kingdom (Kids)
Phylum (prefer)
Class (candy)
Order (over)
Family (fresh)
Genus (Green)
Species (Spinach)
What are homologous structures? Why do they look so different today?
Organisms that are different on the outside but have similar structures. Inherited structure can be modified
What are the two parts to an organism's scientific name? How could you tell the evolutionary relationship between two organisms by their scientific name?
Genus and Species. Organisms with same Genus ex: Felis Domastiachus (cat) Felis pardus (panther) have all the same until it come to its genus. Same D,K,P,O,F,G _____S.
What type of test could you use to create a DNA fingerprint for two organisms to look at their genetic similarities?Gel electrophoresisHow can we determine the relative age of ancient organisms from their fossil position in rock layers?Principal of superposition- the older fossils are at the bottom and newer at the top. You cant take a shell or rock and whatever the age of that shell or rock the fossil will be the same.If you have 16 organisms in a population, each with 2 alleles for a trait, what is the gene pool number for that trait?32List the parts of Darwin's theory of natural selection.-Variation in population -Variations are favorable -more young produce than can survive -Those that survive and reproduce have favorable characteristic. -Over time small changes accumulate causing population to change.Hardy Weinberg: 5 requirements--No Natural selection -random mating - No migration -No mutation -large populationHierarchy ( domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species) and why classify?Scientist needed a standard system to communicate. Or talk about species around the world so people would know what you are talking about.Spontaneous generationHypothesis that life could come from non living matterBio genesislife only coming from lifeFather of EvolutionCharles DarwinPopulationsGroups of interbreeding organisms -live in the same place at the same time -compete with each other for food, water, and matesLamarcks Hypothesis1. Organisms strive for self improvement 2. The effort to improve caused most used body parts to develop. 3. Once the structure is modified, its inherited to offspring.where did Darwin voyage toGalapagos islandsPhylogenetic treeAll organisms share a common ancestorHomologousDifferent on the surface but similar structureVestigial StructureInherited but not used (appendix, wisdom teeth)GradualismEvolution is gradual and continuouspunctuated equilibriumPeriods of rapid change in species separated by periods of little or no change.Ways Variations come aboutNeutral,Harmful, FavorableNicheWay of life of a population and how it relates to its environment ( what it eats, where it lives, Role in environment)adaptationAny inherited characteristics that increases an organisms chance of survivalFitnessAbility of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environmentFather of modern TaxonomyCarolus Linnaeus