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BISC 225 Test 2 Study Guide COPY

Terms in this set (78)

What is anabolism?
synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones
What type of energy is found in molecular bonds?
Chemical energy
What are descriptors of enzymes?
Large globular molecules that speed up the rate of reactions, typically proteins, very specific, not used up in a reaction, can be broken down
What are the products of cellular respiration?
CO2, water, ATP
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
What are the stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
What are the bases of DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
What is another term to describe DNA replication?
Semi-Conservative
What does the genetic code consist of?
Codons (64)
What is a mutation?
Change in DNA
(Sickle Cell)
What products increase during cellular respiration?
ATP
What are the components of an enzymatic reaction?
Substrate, Products
What is transcription?
Making mRNA from DNA
What are codons?
Consist of 3 bases
What is an expressed gene?
the full use of the information leading to production of a protein and the appearance of the phenotype determined by the gene (acting)
What terms describe epithelial tissues?
covers the body surface and organs, forms inner lining of body cavities, as a apical surface, lacks blood vessels, readily divide, tightly packed
What are the four major tissue types?
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
What type of tissue makes up air sacs in the lungs?
Simple squamous
What cells secrete proteins that form fibers?
Fibroblast
What structures increase the small intestinal surface area?
Microvilli
What are the three types of muscular tissue?
Skeletal, smooth, cardiac
What are descriptors of the tissue lining respiratory passages?
Pseudostratified (ciliated)
Where would you find smooth muscle?
Walls of hollow organs
What cells sense changes in their surroundings?
Nuerons
What tissue makes up tendons and ligaments?
Dense regular connective tissue
What cells produce mucus?
Goblet Cells
What tissue makes up the urinary bladder?
Transitional eithelium
What glands release watery, protein-rich fluids by exocytosis?
...
What tissue insulates, cushions, and stores energy?
Adipose connective tissue
What tissue has a liquid matrix?
Blood
Consists of several layers of cells allowing an expandable lining
Transitional Epithelium
Commonly posses cilia that move dust and mucus out of the respiratory airways
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Single layer of flattened cells
Simple squamous epithelium
Nuclei located at different levels within a single row of aligned cells
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Forms walls of capillaries and air sacs of lungs
Simple squamous epithelium
Appear layered (stratified) but are a single layer of cells (simple)
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Deeper cells cuboidal, or columnar; older cells flattened nearest the free surface
Stratified squamous epithelium
Forms inner lining of urinary bladder
Transitional epithelium
Lines kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Forms lining of stomach and intestines
Simple columnar epithelium
Elongated cells with elongated nuclei located near basement membrane
Simple columnar epithelium
Forms lining of oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, and vagina
...
Forms framework of outer ear
Elastic cartilage
Functions as heat insulator beneath the skin
Adipose tissue
Contains large amounts of fluid and transports nutrients, wastes, and gases
Blood
Cells in solid matrix arranged around central canal
Bone
Binds skin to underlying organs
Areolar tissue
Main tissue of tendons and ligaments
Dense regular connective tissue
Provides stored energy supply in fat vacuoles
Adipose tissue
Forms the flexible part of the nasal septum
Hyaline cartilage
Pads between vertebrae that are shock absorbers
Fibrocartilage
Matrix contains collagen fibers and mineral salts
Bone
Occurs in some ligament attachments between vertebra and larger artery walls
Elastic connective tissue
Forms supporting tissue in walls of liver and spleen
Reticular connective tissue
Coordinates, regulates, and integrates body functions
Nervous tissue
Contains intercalated discs
Cardiac muscle
Muscle that lacks striations
Smooth muscle
Striated and involuntary
Cardiac muscle
Striated and voluntary
Skeletal muscle
Contains neurons and neuroglia
Nervous tissue
Muscle attached to bones
Skeletal muscle
Muscle that composes the heart
Cardiac muscle
Moves food through the digestive tract
Smooth muscle
Transmits impulses along cellular processes
Nervous muscle
Muscle under conscious control
Skeletal muscle
Muscle of blood vessels and iris
Smooth muscle
Oily secretion that helps to waterproof body surface
Sebum
Outer most layer of epidermis
Stratum corneum
Become active at puberty
Apocrine sweat gland
Epidermis pigment
Melanin
Inner layer of skin
Dermis
Responds to elevated body temperature
Eccrine sweat gland
General name of entire superficial layer of the skin
Epidermis
Gland that secretes and oily substance
Sebaceous gland
Hard protein of nails and hair
Keratin
Cell division and deepest layer of epidermis
Stratum basale
Tubelike part that contains the root of the hair
Hair follicle
Causes hair to stand on end and goose bumps to appear
Arrector pili muscle
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