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Nutrition chapter 9,10,11,12

Terms in this set (80)

The hormone that conserves body water is
a. vitamin D hormone
b. antidiuretic hormone
c. aldosterone hormone
d. parathyroid hormone
b. antidiuretic hormone (pg 168)
The two minerals that occur in the extracellular fluid and regulate water balance are
a. calcium and potassium
b. sodium and chloride
c. phosphorus and magnesium
d. potassium and magnesium
b. sodium and chloride
A basic mechanism for maintaining body hydration is
a. thirst
b. electrolyte balance
c. acid-base balance
d. activity level
a. thirst (pg 161)
The hormone responsible for promoting conservation of sodium in the kidney is
a. aldosterone
b. antidiuretic hormone
c. angiotensin
d. renin
a. aldosterone
Metabolic water refers to water
a. contained in foods
b. moving from compartment to compartment
c. absorbed from gastrointestinal secretions
d. formed from oxidation of nutrients in the cells
d. formed from oxidation of nutrients in the cells (pg 163)
The Kidneys must excrete water in the urine because
a. the body needs to get rid of the water ingested
b. water provides the vehicle for excretion of waste products
c. they physiologically cannot retain al the water
d. hormones ensure that a maximum amount of water is retained by the body
b. water provides the vehicle for excretion of waste products (pg 163)
Plasma proteins, glucose, electrolytes, and sodium are examples of solutes
a. filtered from the plasma by the kidneys
b. found in body fluids that influence movement of water
c. released into the plasma by the liver
d. recycled by the mucosa during digestion
b. found in body fluids that influence movement of water
An example of a substance that can pass through a capillary membrane is
a. glucose
b. hemoglobin
c. plasma proteins
d. antibodies
a. glucose (pg 164)
An acid has a PH
a. greater than 7.0
b. lower than 7.0
c. greater than 5.0
d. lower than 5.0
b. lower than 7.0
An ion that possesses a positive charge is a(n)
a. electrolyte
b. cation
c. anion
d. acid
b. cation (pg 164)
The organic molecule responsible for creating colloidal osmotic pressure is
a. glucose
b. an electrolyte
c. protein
d. sodium
c. protein (pg 164)
An example of an electrolyte is
a. glucose
b. iron
c. potassium
d. carbon dioxide
c. potassium
Ways in which water and solutes move across membranes include
a. diffusion and filtration
b. capillary action and circulation
c. peristalsis and contraction
d. conduction and pulsing
a. diffusion and filtration (pg 165-166)
Functions of water in the body include
a. energy source
b. temperature control
c. nerve impulse transmission
d. transport of vitamins A, D, E, and K
b. temperature control
Cations primarily responsible for controlling body water distribution are
a. sodium and chloride
b. calcium ad phosphorus
c. sodium and potassium
d. sodium and bicarbonate
c. sodium and potassium (pg 164)
Body water requirements are increased by
a. age
b. emotional stress
c. diarrhea and vomiting
d. lower environmental temperature
c. diarrhea and vomiting
The predominant regulator(s) of circulating blood volume is/are
a. electrolytes
b. plasma proteins
c. water intake
d. hormones
b. plasma proteins (pg 164)
The action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidney will cause
a. sodium excretion
b. sodium retention
c. water excretion
d. water retention
d. water retention (pg 164)
Plasma proteins maintain colloidal osmotic pressure because
a. they are large molecules
b. proteins are not found in the cells
c. proteins are positively charged
d. they contain water as part of their structure
a. they are large molecules
The best treatment for diarrhea in children is to
a. withhold oral intake until diarrhea stops
b. sponge with an electrolyte solution
c. give oral fluids containing sodium and potassium
d. administer the BRAT (bananas, rice, applesauce, and tea) diet
c. give oral fluids containing sodium and potassium
It is important that a pregnant woman's energy needs be met because of the need to
a. spare vitamins
b. spare adipose stores
c. prevent fetal deformity
d. spare protein
d. spare protein (pg 174)
Daily kilocalorie needs during pregnancy exceed normal requirements by approximately
a. 100 kcal
b. 200 kcal
c. 300 kcal
d. 500 kcal
c. 300kcal (pg 176)
Increase protein is necessary in pregnancy for
a. preventing gestational diabetes
b. sparing carbohydrates for energy needs
c. growing maternal tissues
d. preventing pregnancy-induced hypertension
c. growing maternal tissues (pg 174)
Three minerals that should be increased significantly during pregnancy are
a. calcium, iron, and iodine
b. calcium, phosphorus, and zinc
c. iron, zinc, and iodine
d. calcium, sodium, and potassium
a. calcium, iron, and iodine (pg 175)
The recommended daily iron intake during pregnancy is
a. 12mg
b. 18mg
c. 27mg
d. 35mg
27mg (pg175)
Adequate folate in the periconceptional period helps to prevent
a. cretinism
b. mental retardation
c. neural tube defects
d. gestational diabetes
c. neural tube defects (pg177)
The B-complex vitamins are required in greater amounts during pregnancy because
a. fetal demands for the vitamins are high
b. more hemoglobin is synthesized
c. the vitamins are excreted in greater quantities
d. metabolic activities increase
d. metabolic activities increase (pg 176)
It is important to increase daily intake of vitamin C during pregnancy because it
a. is an important element in tissue growth
b. plays an important role in protein synthesis
c. is necessary for the energy-producing pathways
d. metabolic activities increase
a. is an important element in tissue growth (pg 176)
It is recommended that a woman drink 3 to 4 cups of milk a day during pregnancy because it is a good source of
a. folate
b. iron
c. vitamin D
d. vitamin C
c. vitamin D (pg 177)
A condition of severe, prolonged, and persistent vomiting is called
a. hyperemesis
b. placenta previa
c. hypergastritis
d. hyperbulimia
a. hyperemesis
Constipation during pregnancy is often caused by
a. increased food intake
b. increased milk intake
c. intake of low-fiber
d. placental hormones that cause intestinal muscles to relax
d. placental hormones that cause intestinal muscles to relax (pg 179)
An acceptable weight gain during pregnancy for a normal-weight woman is
a. 15 to 25 lb
b. 25 to 35 lb
c. 28 to 40 lb
d. 35 to 45 lb
b. 25 to 35 lb (pg 177)
A pregnant adolescent is at risk because
a. she doesn't know how to care for herself
b. she hasn't established good eating habits
c. she is still in growth stage of development
d. she will not know about the pregnancy until after the fetal organs have formed
c. she is still in a growth stage of development (pg 181)
A very overweight pregnant woman over age 30 is at high risk for
a. anemia
b. gestational diabetes
c. edema
d. phenylketonuria
b. gestational diabetes (pg 182)
During pregnancy, women should be encouraged not to
a. exercise
b. have sexual intercourse
c. drink alcohol beverages
d. drink decaffeinated coffee
c. drink alcoholic beverages (pg 182)
The most common cause of anemia during pregnancy is
a. folic acid deficiency
b. lack of intrinsic factor
c. iron deficiency
d. vitamin C deficiency
c. iron deficiency (pg 184)
Women with megaloblastic anemia usually have diets low in
a. fruit juices
b. green leafy vegetables
c. whole grains
d. citrus fruits
b. green leafy vegetables
The finding of glycosuria during a routine laboratory test may suggest hat the woman has
a. anemia
b. gestational diabetes
c. phenylketonuria
d. hypertension
b. gestational diabetes (pg 189)
Three important factors that support adequate lactation are
a. diet, exercise, and vitamin supplements
b. intake of dairy products, fluids, and rest
c. diet, fluids, and rest and relaxation
d.. intake of bland foods and adequate fluids
c. diet, fluids, and rest and relaxation (pg189)
Nutrition counselors should encourage pregnant teenagers to
a. avoid fast food
b. eat foods from all basic five food groups
c. drink fat-free (skim) rather than whole milk
d. eat foods high in dietary fiber
b. eat foods from all basic five good groups
At birth, the reflexes an infant has are
a. rooting, biting, and swallowing
b. sucking, munching, and swallowing
c. rooting, sucking, and swallowing
d. grasping, sucking and gag
c. rooting, sucking and swallowing Pg. 203
Foods for infants should be prepared without added
a. sugar and salt
b. salt and herbs
c. wheat and sugar
d. milk and wheat
a. sugar and salt
The main energy source for children is
a. protein
b. fatty acids
c. carbohydrate
d. vitamins
c. carbohydrate
A child's growth may be evaluated using
a. fitness testing
b. clinical observation
c. food records
d. growth charts
d. growth charts
An example of a food that provides building material for tissue growth is
a. bread
b. cheese
c. broccoli
d. orange
b. cheese
Compared with adults, infants and young children have more body fluid
a. outside the cells
b. inside the cells
c. in the bloodstream
d. in intestinal secretions
a. outside the cells PG 189
An important function of calcium for the growing child is
a. vision development
b. prevention of anemia
c. mental development
d. bone and tooth development
d. bone and tooth development PG 201
Breastfed infants should start to receive food high in iron by age
a. 2 months
b. 4 months
c. 6 months
d. 8 months
c. 6 months PG 201
Hypervitaminosis of vitamins A or D is most likely to occur because of
a. excessive milk intake
b. overexposure to the sun
c. overuse of vitamin supplements
d. inadequate intake of vegetables and fruits
c. overuse of vitamin supplements PG 201
The most suitable first solid food for infants is
a. yogurt
b. pureed bananas
c. pureed squash
d. infant rice cereal
d. infant rice cereal PG 205
The ideal first food for newborn infants is
a. infant formula
b. cow's milk
c. breast milk
d. rice cereal
c. breast milk PG 202
The approximate age for adding solid food to an infant's diet is
a. 4 months
b. 6 months
c. 8 months
d.12 months
b. 6 months PG 203 & 205
Babies should not be put to sleep with a bottle of formula because
a. infants should not hold their own bottles
b. this could lead to early tooth decay
c. infants should not suck while asleep
d. susceptibility to diarrhea in increased
b. this could lead to early tooth decay
Cow's milk is not recommended for infants during the early months because
a. it is not nutritionally adequate
b. it does not c0ntain enough protein
c. it contains too much fat and is not easily digested
d. it has a high solute load and may cause gastrointestinal bleeding
d. it has a high solute load and may cause gastrointestinal bleeding
Young children should be offered
a. large portions so they can decide how much to eat
b. small portions so they can ask for more if hungry
c. larger portions of food as they grow older
d. the same amount of food each day
b. small portions so they can ask for more if hungry
Food intake may decrease after the first year of life and caloric need is not as great because
a. the child is using baby fat store
b. muscle development is occurring
c. the child is still relatively inactive
d. the growth rate slows down
d. the growth rate slows down
The final growth spurt of childhood occurs
a. at the end o the school age period
b. with the onset of puberty
c. at the end of adolescence
d. during young adulthood
b. with the onset of puberty PG 213
Which of the following is a valid reason for breastfeeding rather than bottle feeding?
a. Breastfeeding promotes rapid maternal weight loss
b. Breast milk is higher in iron than infant formula
c. Breastfeeding helps protect infants against infection
d. Breastfeeding is an effective contraceptive
c. Breastfeeding helps protect infants against infection
Finger foods can be given to infants between ages
a. 6 to 8 months
b. 7 to 9 months
c. 9 to 12 months
d. 12 to 18 months
a. 6 to 8 months PG 205
Parents who use natural foods should be advised to
a. add honey to water if the infant is constipated
b. avoid giving honey to a child younger than 1 year old
c. add honey to infant foods as a good source of energy
d. use only unprocessed honey
b. avoid giving honey to a child younger than 1 year old PG 206
Young adults are increasingly
a. independent
b. dependent
c. wealthy
d. introspective
a. independent PG 220
The focus of health care for middle adults is becoming
a. homeopathic medicine
b. health promotion and reduction of disease
c. treatment of disease
d. accident prevention
b. health promotion and reduction of disease PG 220
Chronic disease most often begins to appear during
a. childhood
b. early adulthood
c. middle adulthood
d. older adulthood
c. middle adulthood PG 220
Biologic processes associated with aging may cause
a. increased metabolic rate
b. increased anxiety
c. increased ratio of adipose to muscle
d. increased kidney function
c. increased ratio of adipose to muscle PG 222
Prescription and over-the-counter drugs can affect nutritional status because they
a. may contain toxins
b. often result in addiction
c. usually contain nutrients
d. may affect appetite or absorption of nutrients
d. may affect appetite or absorption of nutrients PG 228
Each decade, basal energy needs decrease
a. o.5% to 1%
b. 1% to 2%
c. 2% to 4%
d. 5% to 8%
b. 1% to 2% PG 222
If an older adult is losing weight, his or her caloric intake is
a. less than his or her energy needs
b. approximately the same as his or her energy needs
c. greater than his or her energy needs
d. poorly distributed throughout the day
a. less than his or her energy needs
Adults tend to have the longest life span if they
a. are slightly underweight
b. are close to their ideal body weight
c. are slightly overweight
d. maintain a constant weight
c. are slightly overweight
The percentage of energy intake that should be supplied as carbohydrate for older adults is
a. 20% to 25%
b. 30% to 35%
c. 45% to 65%
d. 65% to 75%
c. 45% to 65% PG 222
It is important that the older adult's diet include adequate carbohydrates to
a. provide a substrate for vitamins and minerals
b. support normal brain function
c. provide building material for muscle mass
d. maintain blood glucose level
b. support normal brain function PG 222
Two minerals that are often low in diets of the elderly are
a. zinc and iron
b. calcium and iron
c. sodium and potassium
d. calcium and potassium
b. calcium and iron
An older adult is most likely to have inadequate nutrient intake if he or she lives
a. in a retirement community
b. with a spouse
c. alone
d. with family
c. alone
The Older Americans Act Title III provides
a. congregate and home delivered meals
b. meals served at shelters and community centers
c. meals served at care facilities and hospices
d. meals for homeless older adults
a. congregate and home delivered meals
Congregate meals are most often served at a
a. church
b. senior citizens center
c. nursing home
d. hospital
b. senior citizens center
Factors that contribute to malnutrition in older adults include
a. type 2 diabetes and heart disease
b. loss of teeth or poorly fitting dentures
c. inability to absorb nutrients from food
d. increased energy and nutrient need
b. loos of teeth or poorly fitting dentures
Dehydration is more common in older adults than in younger adults because
a. the kidneys excrete too much water
b. the thirst mechanism diminishes
c. intracellular versus extracellular water balance is disturbed
d. more water needs to be ingested to maintain hydration
b. the thirst mechanism diminishes
Factors that influence the nutrition needs of young adults include
a. growth
b. climate
c. personality type
d. physical activity
b. climate
The average young adult male requires more energy than the average young adult female due to
a. larger body size
b. greater number of adipose cells
c. less efficient metabolism
d. greater physical activity level
a. larger body size
Examples of foods high in nutrients that help prevent osteoporosis are
a. cottage cheese and oranges
b. yogurt and canned salmon
c. oatmeal and green leafy vegetables
d. broccoli and liver
b. yogurt and canned salmon
Older adults need more vitamin D than younger adults because they
a. are less efficient at making their own
b. are in a state of positive calcium balance
c. excrete large amounts in their urine
d. do not eat enough fat to absorb the vitamin efficiently
a. are less efficient at making their own
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