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Thermodynamics

Terms in this set (30)

Enthalpy
The energy involved in a reaction
Useful work
release of energy that can be obtained to cause another reaction to occur
First Law of Thermodynamics
Conservation of Energy - energy cannot be lost in a closed system (energy = q)
qsystem = -qsurroundings
In terms of enthalpy, what makes a reaction go to product formation?
Release of energy - products are more stable than the reactants (bonds formed are more stable than the bonds in the reactants)
What form of energy is released when you burn wood to warm your house?
Heat energy
What form of energy is released from batteries and mitochondria?
Electron movement
What form of energy is released from ATP losing a phosphate group to become ADP?
Mechanical deformation
Entropy
The level of disorder in a system
Examples of entropy
spilled coffee, unstructured sentence, free particles moving in a system in no set order
Second law of thermodynamics
Reactions favor an increase in entropy of the system (move towards more disorder)
Positive delta S (entropy)
Products have a higher entropy than the reactants (products are favored, more disordered)
- increase in entropy allows for useful work to be done
Gibb's Free Energy
Equation that relates enthalpy and entropy to determine the spontaneity of a reaction
- how likely is a reaction to proceed to the products
Delta G > 0
non-spontaneous reaction
Delta G < 0
spontaneous reaction
Does a system need to have a negative delta G or a positive delta G to do work?
negative delta G (spontaneous)
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