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Chapter 23- Poisoning and Overdose Emergencies
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Terms in this set (128)
Poison
any substance that can harm the body
Common Poisons
medicaitons, Petroleum Products, Cosmetics, Pesticides, Plants and Food
Effects of Poison
Damage to skin and tissues from contact, suffocation localized or systemic damage to body systems
Effects are based upon:
Nature of poison, concentration, route of entry, patients age and health
Routes of Entry
Ingestion
inhalation
Absorption
Injection
Ingestion of Poison
Children may accidentally eat or drink a toxic substance
Adults often will have an accidental or deliberate medication overdose
Food Poisoning
Can be caused by improperly handled/prepared food
Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, fever
Can occur within hours to days
Treatment of Food Poisoning
Antidotes and Activated Charcoal
Activated Charcoal
Works through adsorption, allowing substances to attach to its surface
Inhaled Poisons: Common Types
Carbon monoxide, Ammonia, Chlorine, Agricultural chemicals and pesticides and Carbon
Signs and Symptoms of Inhaled Poisons
Difficulty breathing, chest pain, coughing, hoarseness, headache, confusion/altered mental status, seizures
Assessment of Inhaled Poisons
1. What substance was involved (exact name)
2. When did exposure occur?
3. Over how long did exposure occur?
4. What interventions has been taken?
5. Should you ventilate area?
6. What side effects is the patient experiencing?
Treatment of Inhaled Poisons
1.Move patient from unsafe environment
2. Open airway; provide high flow oxygen
3. history, physical exam and vital signs
4. Transport with all containers bottle and labels of poison
CO poisoning
1. Colorless, odorless and tasteless gas created by combustion
2. Can be caused by improper venting of fireplaces, portable heaters and generators
3. Common cause of death during winter and power outages
Signs and Symptoms of CO poisoning
Headache, dizziness/nausea, difficulty breathing, cyanosis, multiple patients in similar area
Treatment of CO poisoning
High flow oxygen due to the way CO bonds to red blood cells, can take several hours to days to "wash" CO from bloodstream
Smoke inhalation
Smoke from burning materials can contain poisonous and toxic substances including CO, ammonia, Cl, and cyanide
Can irritate skin, eyes, damage lungs and progress to respiratory or cardiac arrest
Sights and symptoms of Smoke inhalation
Difficulty breathing, coughing, Smoky/chemical smell on breath, black carbon residue in mouth nose or sputum, singed nasal or facial hair
Treatment of smoke inhalation
move patient
Maintain airway and add high flow oxygen
Monitor patient closely for swelling of airway
Detergent Suicides
Method of suicide started in Japan
Mix two easily obtained chemicals to release hydrogen sulfide gas
Commonly released inside an enclosed space such as a car
Detergent Suicide Scene Safety
Exposure to fumes may injure EMS Personnel
Warning note may be left on vehicle but if not this is not assured
May need to treat first as a hazmat scene
Absorbed Poisons
Can be absorbed through skin
May or may not cause damage to the skin
Patient may require decontamination prior to treatment
Treatment: Absorbed Poisons
Assess for immediate life threats
Hisotry, physical exam, vital signs
Brush off powder, then irrigate
Irrigate skin and eyes for at least 20 mins and during transport
Transport with all containers
Ongoing assessment in route
Alcohol and Substance Abuse
patients that maybe caused either directly or indirectly by alcohol or substance abuse
Alcohol Abuse
Affects CNS
Can be addictive
Can result from recent abuse or years of abuse
Treat patients as any others
Abuse can lead to or worsen with other medical conditions
Signs and Symptoms of Alcohol Abuse
Alcohol Odor on breath
Unsteady on Feet
Slurred or rambling speech
Flushed/complaining of being warm
Nausea/vomiting
Poor coordination
Blurred vision
Confusion/altered mental status
Alcohol Withdrawal
Delirium tremens (DTs)
Can be serious resulting in tremors, hallucinations and seizures
Signs and Symptoms of Alcohol Withdrawal
Confusion and restlessness
unusual behavior, demonstrating "insane" behavior
Hallucinations, gross tremor of hands, profuse sweating
Seizures
Patient Care: Alcohol Abuse
Vomiting common: standard precautions
Keep suction ready
Stay alert for airway and respiratory problems
Monitor vital signs
Gather history of patient, bystanders
Stay alert for seizures
Substance Abuse
Any chemical substance taken for other than therapeutic reasons
Include licit drugs, prescription medications, industrial chemicals
Uppers
Stimulants that affect the nervous system
Ex: Cocaine, amphetamines
May be snorted smoked or injected
Downers
CNS depressants
Ex: Barbiturates, Rohypnol, GHB
Narcotics
Used to relieve pain or help with sleep
Opiates
Ex: Heroin, codeine, morphine
Oxycodone
Hallucinogens
Create intense state of excitement and distorted perception
Ex: LSD, PCP, XTC
Volatile Chemicals
Produce vapors that are inhaled
Initial "rush" then can act as CNS depressant
Signs and Symptoms: Downers
Sluggishness, Poor coordination, decreased pulse and respiration
Signs and symptoms: Uppers
Excitement, restlessness
Increased pulse and respiration
Sweating
Hypothermia
No sleep for along time, possibly days
Signs and Symptoms: narcotics
Lethargy, Pinpoint pupils, Cool skin, Respiratory depression, Coma
Signs & symptoms Hallucinogens
Rapid Pulse, Dilated pupils, Flushed Face, seeing or hearing things
Signs and Symptoms of Volatile Chemicals
Dazed/disoriented
Swollen membranes in nose or mouth
Numbness or tingling sensation inside head
Changes in heart rhythm
May be residue of chemical on face or in bag
Treatment: Substance abuse
Be aware of possible airway problems and respiratory distress
Provide oxygen and assist respiration as needed
Treat for shock
Talk to patient to keep them calm and cooperative
The annual number of poisoning cases in the United States each year is about:
A. 1/2 million
B. I million
C. 2 Million
D. 5 Million
B. 1 Million
The factor that is LEAST important in determining the effect of a poison is a patients:
A. gender
B. age
C. weight
D. general health
A. Gender
Carbon monoxide is an example of an:
A. ingested poison
B. inhaled poison
C. Absorbed poison
D. injected poison
B. inhaled poison
The LEAST acceptable method for providing ventilation to patients who have ingested poisons is a use of:
A. mouth-to-mouth ventilation
B. A pocket face mask with a one way valve
C. Positive pressure ventilation
D. a bag-valve mask unit with supplemental oxygen
A. mouth-to-mouth ventilation
Activated charcoal is indicated in some cases of:
A. Injected poisoning
B. Inhaled poisoning
C. absorbed poisoning
D. Ingested poisoning
D. Ingested poisoning
Contraindications to activated charcoal include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. unresponsive
B. tachypnea
C. inability to swallow
D. ingestion of an alkali
B. tachypnea
Modern treatment of ingested poisoning and overdose consists primarily of:
A. administration of an antidote
B. prevention of absorption
C. inducement of vomiting
D. Dilution of a poisonous substance
B. Prevention of absorption
The most frequent victims of poisoning are:
A.elderly citizens
B. Drug abusers
C. infants and children
D. Teenagers
C. Infants and children
In treating cases of inhaled poisons, the drug of choice is:
A. activated charcoal
B. syrup of ipecac
C. glucose
D. oxygen
D. Oxygen
All of the following are typical signs and symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning EXCEPT
A. cherry red skin
B. cyanosis
C. nausea
D. altered mental status
A. Cherry red skin
Sooty sputum, singed nose hairs, hoarseness, and difficulty breathing are signs of:
A. Carbon monoxide poisoning
B. Smoke inhalation
C. Food poisoning
D. pesticide inhalation
B. Some inhalation
The primary step in treating a patient with absorbed liquid poisoning is:
A. Administration of oxygen
B. irrigation of the skin
C. Neutralization of the acid or alkali
D. Administration of an antidote
B. Irrigation of skin
All of the following are signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal EXCEPT:
A. confusion and restlessness
B. gross tremors of the hands
C. convulsions and seizures
D. abdominal cramps and diarrhea
D. abdominal cramps and diarrhea
Mind-affecting drugs that act on the central nervous system to distort sensory perceptions are known as:
A. uppers
B. downers
C. narcotics
D. Hallucinogens
D. Hallucinogens
Reduced pulse rate, constricted pupils, profuse sweating and reduced depth of breathing indicate the possible use of:
A. amphetamines (uppers)
B. narcotics
C. Hallucinogens
D. barbiturates (downers)
B. narcotics
You are called to a suburban home to assist an 18-year-old male who has been found on the floor of his bathroom. He has a reduced pulse rate and reduced rate of breathing. His pupils are constricted to pinpoint size. He seems very sleepy and unresponsive. There is a homemade tourniquet tied around his upper arm. You find a hypodermic needle behind a clothes hamper. What type of poisoning do you suspect?
Injected poisoning
A 19-year-old male farm worker stumbles while carrying an open drum of pesticides. The powder spills all over his clothes and body. Within minutes, a stinging, burning sensation spreads across his hands, arms, neck and face,. "it's like being on fire," he tells another farm hand. "Get some help fast!" What type of poisoning do you suspect?
Absorbed poisoning
A 38-year-old woman collapses on the floor of her garage while cleaning out her car. She had left the car idling so that she could listen to her favorite radio station without running down the batter. by the time her husband discovers her, the woman is barely breathing. He rushes to call the EMS unit. What type of poisoning do you suspect?
Inhaled poisoning
A 45-year old man in extreme pain from a recent back opperation decides to double his self-administered dosage of Demerol. By the end of the day he feels extremely lethargic and is sweating profusely. His pupils are constricted. Sensing trouble, his teenage son calls the nearest ambulance service. What type of poisoning do you suspect?
Ingested poisoning
T/F Most poisoning cases result form suicide attempts
False
T/F People generally have similar reactions to toxic or poisonous substances
False
T/f When providing assisted ventilation in cases of ingested poisoning, an EMT should ab\void mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
True
T/F Dosages of activated charcoal must be calculated based upon the patient's body weight
True
T/F The primary treatment of a patient who has ingested a poison is administration of an antidote
False
T/F The most effective drug for inhaled poisons is oxygen
True
T/F a common sign of carbon monoxide poisoning is cherry red skin
False
T/F As an EMT, you should contact a poison control center only if local protocols allow
True
T/F Under the influence of alcohol, a patent cannot make an informed refusal of treatment or transport
True
T/F As an EMT, you will need to know the names of many abused drugs and their specific reactions
False
The most commonly injected poisons include snake and insect venom and:
a. illicit drugs.
b. sea anemone acid.
c.nsodium nitrate.
d. tetanus.
a. illicit drugs
A substance that provides an initial "rush" followed by a depressant effect on the nervous system is a:
a. narcotic.
b. downer.
c. volatile chemical.
d. hallucinogen.
c. volatile chemical
Your patient has ingested a potentially dangerous amount of a medication. One question you should ask is:
a. Is the medication prescribed to the patient?
b. What color was the pill?
c. Do you have syrup of ipecac in the house?
d. What is the patient's estimated weight?
d. what is the patients estimated weight
Syrup of ipecac has been used less in recent years because:
a. it can take up to 8-12 hours to work.
b. it removes, on average, less than one-third of the stomach contents.
c. most patients will not drink it.
d. the forceful vomiting removes too much fluid from the body
B. It removes, on average, less than one-third of stomach contents
The most important part of treatment for an absorbed poison is:
a. administration of activated charcoal.
b. irrigating the skin with large amounts of clean water.
c. neutralizing acids or alkalis with dilute vinegar or baking soda water.
d. warming the patient so the perspiration will flush out the skin's pores.
B. Irrigating the skin with large amounts of clean water
What treatment is normally advised for patients who have ingested a mild poison that does not, according to on-line medical direction, warrant care at a medical facility?
a. High-concentration oxygen via a nonrebreather mask
b. Dilution with water or milk
c. Administration of activated charcoal
d. Flushing with water or saline for at least 20 minutes
B. Dilution with water or milk
Not all poisons are toxins. Toxins are poisons that are:
a. artificially produced in a laboratory.
b. also medications.
c. produced by living organisms.
d. only poisonous to humans in large amounts
C. Produced by living organisms
Activated charcoal is manufactured to have more ____ than ordinary charcoal.
a. expandability
b. ions
c. volume
d. surface area
D. Surface Area
Carbon monoxide poisoning is extremely serious because carbon monoxide:
a. is odorless, colorless, and tasteless, making it undetectable without special equipment.
b. takes the place of oxygen in red blood cells, causing hypoxia.
c. even at low levels over a long period can cause dramatic effects.
d. all of the above.
D. All of the Above
Activated charcoal is given to patients who have ingested a poison or overdose because it:
a. adsorbs or binds to many substances.
b. does not cause the patient to vomit.
c. is an antidote for many poisons.
d. aids in digestion.
a. Adsorbs or binds to many substances
What should you be most concerned with when treating a child who ingested a caustic chemical and is beginning to vomit?
a. Cardiac compromise due to the substance entering the patient's blood stream
b. Internal bleeding from stomach trauma
c. Aspiration of the chemical
d. Permanent tissue damage to the patient's digestive tract
C. Aspiration of the Chemical
When arriving at the scene of an inhaled poisoning, your first priority is:
a. moving the patient to a safe area.
b. looking for additional victims.
c. keeping yourself safe.
d. ventilating the area.
C. Keeping yourself Safe
Your patient splashed liquid fertilizer on his unprotected arms. This would be an example of _______ poisoning.
a. ingested
b. absorbed
c. inhaled
d. injected
b. Absorbed
What is the usual dosage of activated charcoal?
a. 0.5 mg/kg
b. 1 mg/kg
c. 0.5 gram/kg
d. 1 gram/kg
d. 1 gram/kg
A class of drugs that affect the nervous system, change many normal body activities, and are legally used for pain relief are:
a. narcotics.
b. hallucinogens.
c. amphetamines.
d. barbiturates.
A. Narcotics
Which of the following is an injury that commonly occurs in alcoholic patients with even minor falls and blows to the head?
a. Subdural hematoma
b. Concussion
c. Intracerebral hematoma
d. Skull fracture
a. subdural hematoma
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an example of which of the following types of drugs?
a. Hallucinogen
b. Stimulant
c. Volatile spirit
d. Depressant
D. Depressant
Which of the following is NOT true concerning a patient's reaction to toxic gas exposure?
a. If the patient is treated immediately, there will be no long-term effects.
b. Signs and symptoms may be delayed.
c. The patient may present without respiratory difficulty.
d. Signs and symptoms may be immediate and severe.
a. If the patient is treated immediately, there will be no long-term effects.
You have just arrived on the scene of an agricultural business and see three men coming out of a building, choking and holding their heads. One of the men tells you there are two workers still inside. What should you do next?
a. Call for properly trained assistance and stay a safe distance away from the scene.
b. Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and check on the status of the two workers inside the building.
c. Get the assistance of the men who made it out of the building to prevent delay in finding the workers inside.
d. Evaluate the three men and administer high-concentration oxygen, then help them get a safe distance away from the scene.
a. Call for properly trained assistance and stay a safe distance away from the scene.
Your patient is a 3-year-old male with a stoma who has swallowed a household cleaner. Medical direction gives you an order for milk to dilute the stomach contents. Which of the following is the correct way of carrying out this order?
a. Administer one glass of milk through the stoma.
b. Have the patient drink one glass of milk.
c. Have the patient drink a glass of milk while you plug the stoma to prevent leakage.
d. Refuse the order and explain why.
B. Have the patient drink one glass of milk
Which of the following MOST affects the extent of damage a poison does to the body?
a. Patient's race, age, and medications taken
b. Patient's genetics, height, and medications taken
c. Patient's nutritional status, genetics, and strength of the immune system
d. Patient's age, weight, and general health
d. Patients age, weight and general health
Volatile chemicals are agents that are able to change easily from a ________ form to a ________ form.
a. solid; vapor
b. solid; liquid
c. gas; liquid
d. liquid; gas
D. Liquid; Gas
Your patient has come in contact with a strong acid substance. Using an alkaline solution to treat the patient may result in which of the following?
a. Production of heat when the acid and alkali interact
b. Further damage to the patient's tissues
c. Neutralization of the acid substance
d. All of the above
C. Neutralization of the acid substance
Which of the following is NOT part of the treatment for a 15-year-old female who has swallowed drain cleaner?
a. Call medical control.
b. Administer milk or water.
c. Maintain the airway.
d. Administer activated charcoal.
d. Administer activated charcoal
When a poison attaches to the chemical structure of activated charcoal, which of the following BEST describes this mechanism of action?
a. Absorption
b. Inactivation
c. Incorporation
d. Adsorption
d. Adsorption
A patient who has abused "uppers" will display which of the following signs and symptoms?
a. Dilated pupils, excessive salivation, and food cravings
b. Excessive talkativeness, dilated pupils, and dry mouth
c. Constricted pupils, hypotension, and blurred vision
d. Slurred speech, constricted pupils, and frequent urination
b. Excessive talkativeness, dilated pupils and dry mouth
Carbon monoxide poisoning should be suspected when a patient has been in an enclosed area and has which of the following signs and/or symptoms?
a. Headache, dizziness, and nausea
b. Flu-like symptoms
c. Vomiting and altered mental status
d. All of the above
D. All of the Above
Which of the following statements regarding syrup of ipecac is NOT true?
a. It has an immediate action.
b. It can cause a patient to aspirate stomach contents into the lungs.
c. It removes only about one-third of stomach contents.
d. It is contraindicated if activated charcoal has been given.
A. It has an immediate action
Your patient is a conscious 16-year-old female who has ingested an unknown number of sleeping pills. Which of the following questions is LEAST pertinent to the care of this patient?
a. How much do you weigh?
b. Who do these sleeping pills belong to?
c. Over what period of time did you take the pills?
d. Has anyone tried to treat you with anything?
B. who do these sleeping pills belong to?
Which of the following substances may be ordered by medical control to dilute a poison?
a. Milk of magnesia or magnesium citrate
b. Milk or water
c. Milk or milk of magnesia
d. Water with syrup of ipecac
B. Milk or water
Signs and symptoms of alcohol abuse include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. decreased level of responsiveness.
b. confusion.
c. nausea and vomiting.
d. an acetone or ketone odor to the breath.
d. an acetone or ketone odor to the breath
Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs by which of the following routes?
a. Absorption
b. Inhalation
c. Radiation
d. Aspiration
b. Inhalation
Barbiturates may be referred to as which of the following?
a. Downers
b. Meth
c. Acid
d. Uppers
a. Downers
Regarding activated charcoal, which of the following is NOT true?
a. Ingestion of strong acids or alkalis is a contraindication to its use.
b. It is an antidote to many poisons.
c. It can reduce the amount of poison absorbed by the gastrointestinal system.
d. It does not work on all poisons.
b. it is an antidote to many poisons
Your patient is a 48-year-old male who has been exposed to a toxic powder that can be absorbed through the skin. Which of the following measures should be taken by the EMT?
a. Wipe the powder away with a damp cloth.
b. Brush off the powder and flush the patient's skin with a solution of baking soda and water.
c. Flush the patient's skin with copious amounts of water.
d. Brush off the powder and flush the patient's skin with copious amounts of water.
D. Brush off the powder and flush the patient's skin with copious amounts of water.
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of withdrawal from alcohol?
a. Seizures
b. Sweating
c. Hallucinations
d. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following is the cause of the black residue found in a patient's mouth and nose following smoke inhalation?
a. Tar
b. Carbon monoxide
c. Cyanide
d. Carbon
d. Carbon
Your patient is a 3-year-old female who has taken an unknown quantity of aspirin. She is conscious and alert. Which of the following orders is likely to be given by medical control?
a. Administer one to two glasses of milk.
b. Administer activated charcoal.
c. Induce vomiting by placing your finger in the child's throat.
d. Administer syrup of ipecac.
B. Administer activated Charcoal
Which of the following is a common sign and symptom in poisonings of all types?
a. Nausea and vomiting
b. Dizziness and palpitations
c. Headache and diaphoresis
d. Pain and diaphoresis
a. Nausea and vomiting
Your patient is a conscious 4-year-old female who has ingested a medication prescribed for her grandfather. To determine appropriate treatment, which of the following information is NOT necessary to provide to medical control?
a. The patient's weight and the amount of medication taken
b. The patient's vital signs and the time the medication was taken
c. Any home remedies attempted by the patient's family
d. The grandfather's name and the name of the physician who prescribed the medication
D. The grandfather's name and the name of the physician who prescribed the medication
Which of the following types of drugs may induce sleep or stupor?
a. Tranquilizers
b. Narcotics
c. Hallucinogens
d. Both A and B
D. Both A and B
Which of the following is a substance that will neutralize a poison or its effects?
a. Deactivator
b. Antidote
c. Antivert
d. Curative
B. Antidote
Which of the following is the best initial intervention for a patient who has inhaled a poison?
a. Provide plenty of fresh air and monitor pulse oximetry readings.
b. Perform abdominal thrusts to clear the airway, followed by high-concentration oxygen.
c. Transport in a position of comfort and provide oxygen for patients with a decreased level of consciousness.
d. Provide a patent airway, ventilation, and high-concentration oxygen.
d. Provide a patent airway, ventilation, and high-concentration oxygen.
Which of the following groups is the most susceptible to the effects of a poison?
a. Pre-teens
b. Adolescents
c. Elderly
d. All of the above are equally susceptible.
c. Elderly
Your patient is a 23-year-old male who is unresponsive in the restroom of a bar. His respirations are slow and shallow, he has a heart rate of 50 beats per minute, he is sweating profusely, and he has constricted pupils. Which of the following substances is most likely responsible for the patient's condition?
a. Heroin
b. Ecstasy
c. LSD
d.PCP
A. Heroin
OxyContin is an example of which of the following types of drugs?
a. Narcotic
b. Antidepressant
c. Appetite suppressant
d. Barbiturate
A. Narcotic
Your patient is a 50-year-old female with a history of alcoholism. She is found unresponsive in bed by her son. Which of the following possibilities should you keep in mind during your assessment?
a. Low blood sugar
b. A head injury
c. A heart attack
d. All of the above
D. All of the Above
Which of the following is one of the most common inhaled poisons associated with fire?
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Methane gas
c. Polyvinyl chloride
d. Cyanide
d. Cyanide
The "Opiate Triad" includes all of the following EXCEPT:
a. hypertension.
b. pinpoint pupils.
c. coma.
d. respiratory depression.
a. hypertension
Which of the following is the immediate toxic effect of alcohol?
a. Central nervous system stimulation
b. Damage to the liver
c. Central nervous system depression
d. Irreversible damage to the kidneys
c. Central nervous system depression
You are treating a 61-year-old who is a chronic alcohol abuser. He is complaining of "snakes slithering around his ankles," and he tells you that he had only two drinks tonight. You notice that he is sweating, trembling, and anxious. Before you can complete your assessment, he begins to have a seizure. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this situation?
a. The patient could not find an alcoholic beverage and drank antifreeze instead.
b. The patient is suffering from alcohol withdrawal.
c. The patient drank mouthwash instead of beverage alcohol.
d. The patient is suffering from acute alcohol poisoning.
b. The patient is suffering from alcohol withdrawal.
Your patient is a 38-year-old male who has taken an overdose of several different medications and has consumed some household cleaning agents as well. On your arrival, the patient only responds to painful stimuli, and has a heart rate of 90 beats per minute with a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute. Medical control orders you to give the patient two to three glasses of milk to drink to dilute the contents of the stomach. Which of the following actions should you do?
a. Assist the patient in drinking only one glass of milk to reduce the risk of aspiration.
b. Ask medical control if you can substitute water for the milk since water will not damage the lungs if aspirated.
c. Refuse the order and explain why.
d. Assist the patient in drinking as much of the two to three glasses of milk as he can
c. Refuse the order and explain why
Your patient is a 2-year-old conscious male who has swallowed a small quantity of bleach. Which of the following findings should you evaluate the patient for?
a. Dilated pupils
b. Irregular pulse
c. Irritation in and around the mouth
d. Respiratory depression
C. Irritation in an around the mouth
Your patient is a 17-year-old male who is spitting and coughing after swallowing some gasoline while siphoning from a gas tank. Which of the following should you do first?
A. Administer syrup of ipecac.
B. Insert a Combitube or another blind intubation device, if you are trained to do so.
C. Have the patient drink a glass of milk.
D. Contact medical control.
D. Contact Medical control
y definition, a systemic poison causes harm to which of the following?
a. The stomach and intestines
b. Localized areas of tissue
c. A specific organ system
d. The entire body
D. The entire body
Your patient is an 18-year-old male who fell into a neighbor's swimming pool but was pulled out by bystanders. The neighbors report that the patient wandered into their yard and that he said he had a "funny numb feeling" in his head and his chest hurt before stumbling into the pool. As you are performing CPR, you notice that the mucous membranes in his mouth and nose are swollen. Which of the following would account for the patient's behavior and current condition?
a. Volatile chemicals
b. GHB
c. Methamphetamine
d. Carbon monoxide poisoning
A. Volatile chemicals
Which of the following effects may occur due to chronic abuse of alcohol?
a. Abnormal blood sugar levels
b. Poor nutrition
c. Potential for gastrointestinal bleeding
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following is a trade name for activated charcoal?
a. Actifed
b. Charcoal
c. Actidose
d. Mesquite
c. Actidose
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