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POLS Chapter 2

Terms in this set (59)

The power of judicial review was
asserted by the court in the case Marbury v. Madison.
James Madison believed that the greatest conflict of interests in the Philadelphia Convention was between ________ and ________.
northern states; southern states
In order to signify that the enumerated powers were meant to be a source of strength to the national government and not a limitation on it, the framers of the Constitution
included the elastic clause in the Constitution.
According to the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution, which of the following is one
of the purposes of government?
to promote justice and secure the "blessings of liberty"
The Articles of Confederation were concerned primarily with
limiting the powers of the central government.
________ defended the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre
John Adams
In order for the Constitution to be formally adopted, ____ of the ____ states in the Union had to agree to its terms.
9; 13
Which of the following statements best describes the motivations of the Founders in writing the U.S. Constitution?
The primary goal was to devise a system consistent with the dominant philosophical and moral principles of the day while also promoting commerce and protecting private property from radical state legislatures.
What did the New Jersey Plan propose for Congress?
Representation would be equal for each state.
Bicameralism is a constitutional principle that means the division of
Congress into two chambers.
The Antifederalists argued that the powers of the national government should be limited by
adding a bill of rights to the Constitution.
In order to win concessions from large states at the Philadelphia Convention, representatives from smaller states such as Delaware threatened to
form alliances with foreign nations.
Compared with the Articles of Confederation, federalism under the Constitution has led to
greater centralization of power.
The Federalists believed that the powers of government could be limited by
creating an internal system of checks and controls within government.
The framers of the U.S. Constitution intended to create a presidency capable of
withstanding excessive democratic popular pressure by making it subject to indirect election through the electoral college.
The United States' first written constitution was called the
Articles of Confederation.
The Boston Massacre occurred when
five colonists were killed by British soldiers outside of the seat of the colonial government in Boston.
Brutus and the Federal Farmer were two pseudonyms used by the
Antifederalists
The First Continental Congress was
a group of colonial delegates assembled in 1774 that called for a total boycott of all British goods.
Which state did NOT send delegates to the convention in Philadelphia?
Rhode Island
A ________ is a system of government in which member states retain almost all of their sovereign authority and delegate limited powers to a weak central body.
confederation
Under the Articles of Confederation, the relationship between the states and the federal government can best be compared to
the United Nations' relationship with member states.
The framers employed the separation of powers and federalism in order to
prevent the new government from abusing its power.
On the subject of representation, Antifederalists wanted
representative bodies that resembled those represented to the highest degree.
What was the purpose of the Annapolis Convention?
to discuss revamping the Articles of Confederation
Which office did the framers design to be directly elected by the people?
a U.S. representative
Federal judges are appointed by the ________ and must be approved by the ______
president: Senate
Which two constitutional provisions have been at the heart of constitutional struggles between federal and state powers throughout American history?
the elastic clause and the Tenth Amendment
Thomas Jefferson, the primary draftsman of the Declaration of Independence, was appointed to the Committee of Five along with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and
Robert Livingston.
Which of the following was a ramification of the Three-Fifths Compromise?
It allowed for a political agreement between the North and the South.
What led British officials to raise taxes on the American colonists during the 1760s?
a deficit that was incurred as a result of the French and Indian War
The Stamp Act was a
tax on commerce.
Which of the following statements best describes British rule of the American colonies during the first half of the eighteenth century?
The British ruled with a light hand and exerted a strong influence only in the largest colonial cities.
The three branches of government created by the Constitution are
executive, legislative, and judicial.
How was political power in the Continental Congress divided under the Articles of Confederation?
Each state had an equal vote.
Successful amendments to the Constitution
are most commonly concerned with the structure or composition of the government.
Which of the following is true of the Annapolis Convention?
Delegates from five states attended.
A ________ vote by both houses of Congress and a ratification vote of ________ of the states are required to amend the U.S. Constitution.
two-thirds; three-fourths
Under the Articles of Confederation
the armed forces of the United States consisted of state militias.
Which of the following statements about national defense under the Articles of Confederation is FALSE?
The president served as commander in chief of the nation's armed forces.
The decision to give the national government control over interstate commerce and finance was motivated primarily by the framers' desire to
promote economic development and protect property from radical state legislatures.
Procedures for amending the Constitution are found in Article
V
At the Philadelphia Convention, the proposed plan to create a Congress where representation was distributed according to population was called the ________ Plan.
Virginia
Why did states like Delaware, Connecticut, and New York oppose the Virginia Plan?
They feared that large states would dominate the new government if representation were to be determined by population as stipulated by the Virginia Plan.
Daniel Shays was
a former army captain that led a mob of farmers in a rebellion against the Massachusetts government.
Why was the Declaration of Independence a remarkable political statement for its time?
It helped unify colonial groups that were divided along economic, regional, and philosophical lines by identifying shared problems, grievances, and principles.
The electoral college is
designed to select the president of the United States.
The most important political value for the framers of the Constitution was
individual liberty.
The events that led to the Revolutionary War were triggered by which of the following?
The British raised revenue by increasing the tax rate of the colonies.
The Articles of Confederation were adopted in
1777.
Under the Articles of Confederation, it was left to the ________ to execute laws passed by the Continental Congress.
states
Which of the following sectional interests was considered unimportant in the politics of the colonial period?
slaves
There are ____ amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
27
The Boston Tea Party was largely a response to the
British government's decision to grant the East India Company a monopoly on the export of tea from Britain.
Which of the following statements about the House of Representatives and the Senate is true?
The House has the power to originate revenue bills while the Senate does not.
The Virginia Plan proposed a system of representation in the national legislature that was based upon
the population of each state or the proportion of each state's revenue contribution, or both.
Who were the authors of the Federalist Papers?
James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton
The system of shared powers, divided between a central government and the state governments, is called
federalism.
The most common method of passing an amendment to the Constitution is passage
in both houses of Congress by a two-thirds vote, followed by a majority vote in three-fourths of the state legislature.
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