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Laboratory Values

Terms in this set (66)

Sodium (Na)
135-145 mEq/L
Elevated Sodium (Na)
Hypernatremia:
- dehydration
- kidney disease
- hypercortisolism
Low Sodium (Na)
Hyponatremia:
- fluid overload
- liver disease
- adrenal insufficiency
Potassium (K)
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Elevated Potassium (K)
Hyperkalemia:
- dehydration
- kidney disease
- acidosis
- adrenal insufficiency
- crush injuries
Low Potassium (K)
Hypokalemia:
- fluid overload
- diuretic therapy
- alkalosis
- insulin administration
- hyperaldosteronism
Chloride (Cl)
98-106 mEq/L
Elevated Calcium (Ca)
Hypercalcemia:
- hyperthyroidism
- hyperparathyroidism
Low Calcium (Ca)
Hypocalcemia:
- vitamin D deficiency
- hypothyroidism
- hypoparathyroidism
- kidney disease
- excessive intake of phosphorus-containing foods and drinks
Calcium (Ca)
8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Elevated Chloride (Cl)
Hyperchloremia:
- metabolic acidosis
- respiratory alkalosis
- hypercortisolism
Low Chloride (Cl)
Hypochloremia:
- fluid overload
- excessive vomiting or diarrhea
- adrenal insufficiency
- diuretic therapy
Magnesium (Mg)
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Elevated Magnesium (Mg)
Hypermagnesemia:
- kidney disease
- hypothyroidism
- adrenal insufficiency
Low Magnesium (Mg)
Hypomagnesemia:
- malnutrition
- alcoholism
- ketoacidosis
Phosphorus (P)
2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Elevated Phosphorus (P)
Hyperphosphatemia:
- kidney disease
- hypoparathyroidism
- acidosis
- hypocalcemia
Low Phosphorus (P)
Hypophosphatemia:
- chronic antacid use
- hyperparathyroidism
- hypercalcemia
- vitamin D deficiency
- alcoholism
- malnutrition
Osmolality
280-300 mOsm/kg
pH
7.35-7.45
Increased pH
Metabolic alkalosis:
- loss of gastric fluids
- decreased potassium intake
- diuretic therapy
- fever
- salicylate toxicity
- respiratory alkalosis
- hyperventilation
Decreased pH
- metabolic or respiratory acidosis
- ketosis
- renal failure
- starvation
- diarrhea
- hyperthyroidism
Partial Pressure of O2 (PaO2)
80-100 mmHg
Increased PaO2
- increased ventilation
- oxygen therapy
- exercise
Decreased PaO2
- respiratory depression
- high altitude
- carbon monoxide poisoning
- decreased cardiac output
Partial Pressure of CO2 (PaCO2)
35-45 mmHg
Increased PaCO2
Respiratory acidosis:
- emphysema
- pneumonia
- cardiac failure
- respiratory depression
Decreased PaCO2
Respiratory alkalosis:
- excessive ventilation
- diarrhea
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
22 to 26 mEq/liter
Increased HCO3
Metabolic alkalosis:
- bicarbonate therapy
Decreased HCO3
Metabolic acidosis:
- diarrhea
- pancreatitis
Lactate
3 to 7 mg/dL
Increased Lactate
- hypoxia
- exercise
- insulin infusion
- alcoholism
- pregnancy
Decreased Lactate
- fluid overload
O2 Saturation
95-100%
Glucose
70-110 mg/dL
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
10-20 mg/dL
Serum Creatinine
0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK)
21-198 units/L
Albumin
3.5-5 g/dL
Prothrombin Time (PT)
11-14 seconds
Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
20 - 40 sec
International Normalized Ratio (INR)
0.8-1.8
White Blood Cell (WBC) Count
5,000-10,000/mm3
Hemlglobin
Females: 12-15
Males: 14-17
Hematocrit (Hct)
Females: 35-45%
Males: 42-52%
Urine Specific Gravity
1.010 to 1.030
Cholesterol
<200 mg/dL
high density lipoprotein (HDL)
>45 mg/dL
low density lipoprotein (LDL)
<100 mg/dl
Creatine Kinase (CK)
26-174 units/L
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
22-26 mEq/L
HgbA1C
4-6%
Platelets (thrombocytes)
150,000-400,000
thrombocytopenia
<100,000 platelets
ventricular arrhythmias
abnormal heart rhythm originating in the lower chambers of the heart
Creatinine
0.6 to 1.2
glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
...
BUN creatinine ratio
10:1 (20:1)
Common IV Sites
Albumin
3.5-5 g/dL
Direct bilirubin
...
Ammonia (NH3)
10-80 mcg/dL
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
<100 pg/mL
intracranial pressure (ICP)
5-15 mmHg
Serum Amylase
25-125 U/L
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...