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Ch. 9 APES Study

Terms in this set (32)

The law that set standards for municipal landfill design and for states to manage hazardous waste.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
A method for the long-term disposal of liquid hazardous waste.
Deep-well injection
Lands whose reuse or development are complicated by the presence of hazardous materials.
Brownfields
Products such as computers, printers, cell phones, hand-held devices, TVs, DVD players, and other technology that are discarded after only a few years.
E-waste
The practice of recovering organic waste by converting it to mulch or humus through natural biological processes of decomposition.
Composting
Facilities that use the heat produced by waste combustion to boil water, creating steam that drives electricity generation or that fuels heating systems.
Waste-to-energy facilities
The flow of waste as it moves from its sources toward disposal destinations.
Waste stream
Waste generated from the production of consumer goods, mining, agriculture, and petroleum extraction and refining.
Industrial solid waste
Liquid that results when substances from the trash dissolve in water as rainwater percolates downward.
Leachate
An approach that integrates principles from engineering, chemistry, ecology, and economics to redesign industrial systems to reduce inputs and to maximize both physical and economic efficiency.
Industrial Ecology
Exposure to a hazard over long periods of time, usually at low doses.
Chronic exposure
The amount of the substance it takes to kill half the population of study animals tested.
LD50
Chemicals that cause harm to the unborn.
Teratogens
Chemicals that cause an immune response when one is not necessary.
Allergens
A mineral used in insulation that when inhaled can cause the lung tissue to cease functioning and lead to types of lung cancer.
Asbestos
Toxic chemicals manufactured in the tissues of living organisms.
Toxin
Large-scale comparisons among groups of people, usually contrasting a group known to have been exposed to some hazard and a group that has not.
Epidemiological studies
Process whereby persistent toxicants accumulate in an animal's body.
Bioaccumulation
The degree of harm a chemical substance can inflict.
Toxicity
Hazards resulting from the ecological interactions among organisms.
Biological hazards
RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Disposing of any toxic substances
Storage of municipal waste
TSCA - Toxic Substance Control Act
Monitor toxic substances that are manufactured or imported into the USA
CERCLA - Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and liability fund
Use the super funds to pay for the cleanup of Brownfields
Superfund: massive pool of money
When they first passed the law, they didn't know how to pay for it. Unfortunately, the was we payed for this could change over time so we create temporary ways to pay for things. You have to authorize it or it doesn't stay open.
If the company who created the brownfield goes out of business, then taxpayers must pay for the cleanup
Threshold dosage
Your body may be able to metabolise or immune can handle it until you've crossed the threshold and begin to see the effects
Linear Dosage
increase dosage and increase of effect or deaths (depending on substance)
Unconventional dose response curve
Huge increase in low doses
Why do you stop seeing effects at high levels? Body may stop responding because it's never seen these things in its body, or your body will stop responding because the hormones have already binded to the receptors so it doesn't matter how much more of the substance you put into it.
Good example is BPA - an estrogen mimicking hormone
LD50: Lethal Dosage
When it dies
ED50: Effective Dosage
When it starts to show the effects
SPRAWL
(# of people) x (amount of land occupied)
Factors that influence:
Opportunities/employment
Climate
Increase in technology
Law that requires our waste to be landfilled or incinerated
Resource conservation and recovery act
Scrubber
A mist system, sprays down on gas
Baghouse
Giant furnace filters, they filter it again before released in the stack
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