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Anatomy Chapter 25

Terms in this set (45)

Anatomical Divide
Upper and Lower respiratory tract
Conducting Portion
Where only air transport occurs
Respiratory
Where gas exchange occurs
Functions of the Respiratory System
Pulmonary Ventilation
Gas Exchange
Gas Conditioning
Sound Production
Olfaction
Defense
Upper Respiratory Tract- Nose
Main conducting airway for inhaled air
Upper Respiratory Tract- External Nares
Nostril, openings to the nasal cavity from the external environment
Upper Respiratory Tract- Internal Nares
Opening between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx
Upper Respiratory Tract- Nasal Septum
Divides the nasal cavity into left and right portions
Upper Respiratory Tract- Nasal Cavity
Lined with psuedostratified ciliated columnal epithelium
Upper Respiratory Tract- Superior, Middle, and Inferior Nasal Conchae
Form the lateral wall for each cavity
Paranasal Sinuses
Air spaces that make bones lighter
Pharynx
Commonly known as the throat, and most of it is shared by the respiratory and digestive tracts
Nasopharynx
Posterior to the nasal cavity and superior to the soft palate, typically only air passes through
Oropharynx
Bounded superiorly by the soft palate and inferiorly by the hyoid bone
Laryngopharynx
Starts inferior to the hyoid bone and extends to the top of the esophagus
Lower Respiratory Tract- Conducting Portions
Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles
Lower Respiratory Tract- Respiratory Portions
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli
Larynx (voice box) Functions
Passageway for air
Prevents ingested materials from entering the respiratory tract
Produces sound for speech
Assists in increasing pressure in the abdominal cavity
Participates in both a sneeze and cough reflex
Larynx- Thyroid Cartilage
Forms the lateral and anterior walls of the larynx
Larynx- Laryngeal Prominence
Anterior projection on the thyroid cartilage "adams apple"
Larynx- Cricoid Cartilage
Ring-shaped located inferior to the thyroid cartilage
Larynx- Epiglottis
Spoon-shaped cartilage projecting superiorly into the pharynx
Swallowing causes the epiglottis to close the opening to the larynx
Larynx- True Vocal Folds
Produce sound when air passes between them
Avascular and white in color
Larynx- Glottis
Made up of the vocal folds and in the rima glottidis
Opens into the trachea
Trachea (windpipe)
Anterior to the esophagus, inferior to the larynx, superior to the main bronchi
Supported by the tracheal cartilages connected by annular ligaments
*Lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Bronchial Tree- Primary Bronchi
The trachea splits into right and left primary bronchi going to each lung
Bronchial Tree- Secondary Bronchi
The primary bronchi branch to each lobe of the lung
Left-2
Right-3
Bronchial Tree- Tertiary Bronchi
Lobar bronchi split further
10 on the right
8-10 on the left
Bronchial Tree- Terminal Bronchi
Final segment of the conducting pathway
Bronchial Tree- Respiratory Bronchial
Start the respiratory portion
Contains smooth muscle
Branches into alveolar ducts
Bronchial Tree- Alveolar Sac
Located at the end of alveolar ducts
Bronchial Tree- Alveoli
Small air sacs where gas diffusion between the blood and the air takes place
Lungs- Apex
Superior pointed region
Projects above the clavicle
Lungs- Base
Inferior
Rests on the diaphragm
Lungs- Hilum
Faces medially
Region where the bronchi pulmonary vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves pass
Entrance and exit
Left Lung
The left lung is slightly smaller that the right to accommodate the heart
2 lobes
Left Lung- Cardiac Impression
Medial surface indentation
Left Lung- Cardiac Notch
Anterior indented region
Left Lung- Oblique Fissure
Divides the lung into superior and inferior lobes
Right Lung
Slightly larger and has 3 lobes
Right Lung- Horizontal Fissure
Divides into superior and middle lobes
Right Lung- Oblique Fissure
Divides the lung into the middle and inferior lobes
Pleura- Parietal Pleura
Lining the pleural cavity
Pleura- Visceral Pleura
Tightly adheres to the outside of the lung
Pleura- Pleaural Cavity
Cavity between the pleura filled with serous fluid
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