Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

Psych - Emotion and Motivation

Terms in this set (51)

emotion
Positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity, Measured through multidimensional scaling, Estimating the similar of emotional experiences by describe the "distance" between them.
types of measurement
unidimensional measurement
multidimensional scaling
Arousal
Physiological and psychology state of excitation
Valence
Level of "good"-ness or "bad"-ness
James-Lange theory
Stimuli trigger activity in the autonomic nervous system, which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain
Cannon-Bard theory
Stimulus simultaneously triggers activity in the autonomic nervous system and emotional experience in the brain
Two-factor theory
Emotions are inferences about the causes of physiological arousalPeople have one bodily reaction to all emotional stimuli that differs due to occasion
Amygdala
Important role in emotion, Threat detector
fast pathway of fear
direct to amygdala
slow pathway of fear
Through Cortex to Amygdala
emotion regulation
Use of cognitive and behavioral strategies to influence one's emotional experience
appraisal by the amygdala
Evaluation of the emotion-relevant aspects of a stimulus
reappraisal by the amygdala
Changing one's emotional experience by changing the meaning of the emotion eliciting stimulus
Universality hypothesis
Emotional expressions have same meaning for everyone, Originally proposed by Darwin
universal emotions
Anger
Disgust
Fear
Happiness
Sadness
Possibly Surprise
Intensification
Exaggerating emotional expression
Deintensification
muting emotion expression
Masking
Expressing one emotion while feeling another
Neutralizing
No expression of the emotion one is feeling Keeping a "poker face"
Morphology
Use of reliable muscles
Symmetry
Expressions tend to be more symmetrical
Duration
Last between a half second and 5 seconds
Temporal patterning
Appear and disappear smoothly
motivation
Purpose or psychological cause for an action
four readily observable features
morphology
symmetry
duration
temporal patterning
Hedonic principle
Notion that all people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain, according to this principle: Primary motivation is to keep the needle on the gauge as close to good as possible
Instincts
The faculty of acting in such a way as to produce certain ends, No foresight of the ends, No previous education in the performance, Hardwired by nature
drive
Internal state generated by physiological needs
homeostasis
Tendency for a system to take action to keep itself in a particular state
Drive-reduction theory
Suggests that organisms are motivated to reduce their drives, Drive to avoid pain, drive to experience pleasure
Psychological motivations
Generally limitless, Belongingness, self-esteem, self-actualization
biological motivations
food, sex, sleep, etc.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Biological needs are more pressing- Need to eat, etc
Psychological needs are less pressing- Need to have friends, etc
binge eating disorder
An eating disorder characterized by recurrent and uncontrolled episodes of eating a large number of calories in a short time
bulimia nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging
anorexia nervosa
Eating disorder that is characterized by an intense fear of being fat resulting in severe restrictions in food intake, Gender and cultural differences
obesity
over a body mass index of 30
causes of obesity
Biochemical abnormalities (not switching off experience of hunger) Eating when we aren't hungry, Nature having designed us to overeat (store calories for later time)
Metabolism
Rate at which energy is used by the body, Slows when food intake decreases
sex
Sex (procreation) is necessary for our survival Biological system increases or decreases sexual desire
Stages of physiological arousal during sexual activity
excitement
plateau
orgasm
resolution
Extrinsic motivation
Motivation to take actions that are not themselves rewarding but that lead to a reward
Intrinsic motivation
Motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding, Tend to be more satisfying
Conscious Motivation
Motivation of which one is aware
General vs Specific motivations
Difficulty increases awareness of specific motivations , Screwing in a lightbulb General: To be helpful Specific: Align threads
unconscious motivation
motivation you don't realize you're doing
approach motivation
Motivation to experience positive outcomes, Promotion focused
avoidance motivation
Motivation to not experience negative outcomes, Prevention focused, Tend to be more powerful
loss aversion
The tendency to care more about avoiding losses than about achieving equal-size gains, People take more risks to avoid loss
terror management theory
Claims that we cope with our existential terror by developing a cultural worldview (e.g. religion) Immortality through our legacies (e.g. children) Leaving our mark on the world
Morality-salience Hypothesis
Prediction that people who are reminded of their own mortality will work to reinforce their cultural worldviews
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...