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AP Bio Ch. 31

Terms in this set (35)

hypha
one of the many connected filaments that collectively make up the mycelium of a fungus.
chitin
A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods.
mycelium
the densely branched network of hyphae in a fungus.
septum
one of the cross-walls that divide a fungal hypha into cells. These generally have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and even nuclei to flow from cell to cell.
coenocytic fungus
A fungus that lacks septa and hence whose body cavity is made up of a continuous cytoplasmic mass that may contain hundreds or thousands of nuclei.
haustorium
In certain symbiotic fungi, a specialized hypha that can penetrate the tissues of host organisms.
mycorrhiza
A mutualistic association of plant roots and fungus.
Ectomycorrhizal fungi
A symbiotic fungus that forms sheaths of of hyphae over the surface of plant roots and also grows into extracellular spaces of the roots cortex.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus
A symbiotic fungus whose hyphae grow through the cell wall of plant roots and extend into the root cell (enclosed in tubes formed by invagination of the root cell plasma membrane).
pheromone
In animals and fungi, a small molecule released into the environment that functions in communication between members of the same species. In animals, it acts much like a hormone in influencing physiology and behavior.
plasmogamy
The fusion of the cytoplasm of cells from two individuals; occurs as one stage of syngamy (fertilization).
heterokaryon
A fungal mycelium that contains two or more haploid nuclei per cell.
dikaryotic
Referring to a fungal mycelium with two haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent.
karyogamy
The fusion of two nuclei, as part of syngamy (fertilization).
mold
The informal term for a fungus that grows as a filamentous fungus, producing haploid spores by mitosis and forming a visible mycelium.
deuteromycete
Traditional classification for a fungus with no known sexual stage. When a sexual stage for a so-called deuteromycete is discovered, the species is assigned to a phylum.
opisthokont
member of the diverse clade of organisms that descended from an ancestor with a posterior flagellum, including fungi, animals, and certain protists.
nucleariid
member of a group of unicellular, amoeboid protists that are more closely related to fungi than they are to other protists.
chytrid
member of a fungal phylum that is mostly aquatic fungi with flagellated zoospores that represent an early-diverging fungal lineage.
zygomycete
member of a fungal phylum that is characterized by the formation of a sturdy structure called a zygosporangium during sexual reproduction.
zygosporangium
in zygomycete fungi, a sturdy multinucleate structure in which karyogamy and meiosis occur.
glomeromycete
member of a fungal phylum, that is characterized by a distinct branching form of mycorrhizae (mutualistic plant relationships with plant roots) called arbuscular mycorrhizae.
ascomycete
member of a fungal phylum, that is commonly called sac fungus. the name comes from a saclike structure in which the spores develop.
ascus
a saclike spore capsule located at the tip of a dikaryotic hypha of a sac fungus.
sac fungus
the more common name for an ascomycete.
ascocarp
the fruiting body of a sac fungus (ascomycete)
conidium
a haploid spore produced at the tip of a specialized hypha in ascomycetes during sexual reproduction.
basidiomycete
member of a fungal phylum commonly called club fungus. the name comes from the club-like shape of the basidium.
basidium
a reproductive appendage that produces sexual spores on the gills of mushrooms (club fungi).
club fungus
the common name for a basidiomycete.
basidiocarp
elaborate fruiting body of a dikaryotic mycelium of a club fungus.
endophyte
a fungus that lives inside a leaf or other plant part without causing harm to the plant.
lichen
the symbiotic collective formed by the mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic alga or cyanobacterium.
soredia
in linchens, a small cluster of fungal hyphae with embedded algae.
mycosis
general term for a fungal infection.
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