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APUSH - 1960s Term

Terms in this set (54)

Election of 1960
Kennedy vs. Nixon, Kennedy (due to televised charisma) won over Nixon (pale and nervous)
John F. Kennedy
Senator from Massachusetts, Democrat who won presidency in 1960, 1st and only Catholic president in U.S. history
The New Frontier
The "new" liberal and civil rights ideas advocated by Kennedy, in contrast to Eisenhower's conservative view
Bay of Pigs
CIA operation to overthrow Fidel Castro. Fails miserably and is a huge embarrassment for Kennedy, who then vows to bring down Castro. Forces Cuba ever further into the arms of the USSR
Cuban Missile Crisis
A direct and dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and was the moment when the two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict
Berlin Wall
Barrier set up in 1961 to separate East and West Berlin
Peace Corps
A program in which the assistance of U.S. volunteers is offered to the developing nations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America
Lee Harvey Oswald
He assassinated JFK and was killed 2 days after being arrested, by Jack Ruby
Alliance for Progress
President Kennedy's program which gave economic aid to Latin America
Lyndon B. Johnson
Became president after Kennedy's assassination and reelected in 1964 (36th U.S. President. 1963-1969. Democratic)
The Great Society
Lyndon Johnson's program for poverty relief, healthcare, civil rights, etc. during his presidency.
Barry Goldwater
In 1964, Lyndon B. Johnson was opposed by this Republican Arizona senator who attacked the federal income tax, the Social Security system, the Tennessee Valley Authority, civil rights legislation, the nuclear test-ban treaty, and the Great Society
HUD
The United States federal department that administers federal programs dealing with better housing and urban renewal
Immigration Act of 1965
Abolished "National Origins" quota system that had been in place since 1924, the act also doubled the number of immigrants allowed to enter annually while for the first time setting limits on immigrants from the Western Hemispere, it further provided for the admission of close relatives of US citizens, outside those numerical limits
Robert Kennedy
The younger brother of JFK who entered public life as U.S. Attorney General during the Kennedy Administration. Later elected senator from New York, he became an anti-war, pro-civil rights presidential candidate in 1968, launching a popular challenge to incumbent President Johnson. During that campaign, he was assassinated in California on June 6, 1968
Malcolm X
A Black Muslim minister in the Nation of Islam and an influential black leader who moved away from King's non-violent methods of civil disobedience
Freedom Summer
A campaign in Mississippi during the summer of 1964 to register as many African American voters as possible. Mississippi had previously outlawed African American voters almost entirely
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Passed after the 1963 "March on Washinton" (where "I have a dream" took place). Banned discrimination in any area open to the public. Empowered Justice Department to file suit against offenders
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Invalidated the use of any test or device to deny the vote and authorized federal examiners to register voters in states that had disenfranchised blacks
Michael Harrington/The Other America
He published this novel that was an influential study of the poverty in the U.S., it was the driving force behind the "war on poverty" (1/5 of the U.S. was living below the poverty line)
Betty Friedan/The Feminine Mystique
She wrote this book that argued that traditional "housemaker" roles for middle-class women were psychologically damaging and prevented them from attaining full human capabilities. Seen as the spark that ignited second-wave feminism
National Organization for Women (NOW)
Founded in 1966, called for equal employment opportunity and equal pay for women. Also championed the legalization of abortion and passage of an equal rights amendment to the Constitution
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
Nonviolent youth movement that tried to transform the United States into a "participatory democracy" .
Election of 1968
Between Democrat Humphrey and Republic Nixon. Nixon narrowly prevailed with his promise to restore order at home and hinted at a plan for ending U.S. involvement in Vietnam
Black Panthers
Founded in Oakland, California by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale was the self defense and violence against white people, began the black power movement throughout the 1960s and 1970s
George Wallace
Pro-Segregation Governor of Alabama who ran for President in 1968 on American Independent Party ticket of segregation and law and order, loses to Nixon; runs in 1972 but gets shot and is left paralyzed
Free Speech Movement
Led by Mario Savio it protested on behalf of students rights. It spread to colleges throughout the country discussing unpopular faculty tenure decisions, dress codes, dormitory regulations, and appearances by Johnson administration officials. Held at U.C. Berkeley
New Left
Radical youth protest movement of the 1960's, named by leader Tom Hayden. Associated with liberal, radical, and Marxist political movements
Weathermen
Group that branched off of the SDS (Students for a Democratic Society); advocated terrorism in the US to stop another Vietnam from happening; name came from Bob Dylan lyrics "don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows"; Dwindle away after 4 of them die in an explosion in Greenwich Village
Counterculture
A subculture deliberately and consciously opposed to certain central beliefs or attitudes of the main-steam culture, sought out to create an alternative society based on peace, love, and individual freedom
Woodstock
3 day rock concert in upstate N.Y. August 1969, exemplified the counterculture of the late 1960s, nearly half a million gather in a 600 acre field
Miranda v. Arizona
Supreme Court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police
Vietminh
An organization of Vietnamese Communists and other nationalist groups that between 1946 and 1954 fought for Vietnamese independence from the French
Ho Chi Minh
Communist leader of North Vietnam. Used guerrilla warfare to fight anti-communist, American-funded attacks under the Truman Doctrine; brilliant strategy drew out war and made it unwinnable
Geneva Conference
A conference between many countries that agreed to end hostilities and restore peace in French Indochina and Vietnam
Green Berets
Elite anti-guerrilla military units expanded by Kennedy as part of his doctrine of "flexible response"
Nikita Khrushchev
He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, following the death of Joseph Stalin, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. He was responsible for the De-Stalinization of the USSR, as well as several liberal reforms ranging from agriculture to foreign policy
Ngo Dinh Diem
South Vietnamese president that was catholic and strongly opposed communism. His poor leadership and corrupt government spelled doom
National Liberation Front
Ho Chi Minh wanted to unite Vietnam under Northern rule and aided a group of communist rebels trying to overthrow Diem in the south. Official title of the Vietcong. Created in 1960, they lead an uprising against Diem's repressive regime in the South
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
A joint resolution of the U.S. Congress passed on August 7, 1964 in direct response to a minor naval engagement. It gave the U.S. President authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military force in Southeast Asia
Tet Offensive
National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year, which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties
Vietnamization
Nixon's policy that involved withdrawing 540,000 US troops from South Vietnam over an extended period of time. It also included a gradual take over of the South Vietnamese taking responsibility of fighting their own war by American-provided money, weapons, training, and advice
Henry Kissinger
Nixon's national security adviser who was a German that fled Hitler's persecution. Met secretly with North Vietnamese officials in Paris representing Nixon. The meetings negotiated ending the war in Vietnam and preparing the way for the president come to Beijing and Moscow
Kent State Massacre
Occurred at a university that involved the shooting of students by members of the Ohio National Guard on Monday, May 4, 1970. Four students were killed and nine others were wounded, one of whom suffered permanent paralysis
My Lai
1968, in which American troops had brutally massacred innocent women and children in the a village, also led to more opposition to the war
Fall of Saigon
Final assault of North Vietnamese on South Vietnam's capital city in 1975; occasion of surrender of South Vietnam
American Indian Movement (AIM)
A Native American organization founded in 1968 to protest government policies and injustices suffered by Native Americans
Cesar Chavez
Farm worker, labor leader, and civil-rights activist who helped form the National Farm Workers Association, later the United Farm Workers. He helped to improve conditions for migrant farm workers and unionize them
Stonewall Riot
In June 1969, police officers raided an inn, which was a gay nightclub in New York, and began arresting patrons for attending the place. Gay onlookers taunted the police and then attacked them. Someone started a fire in the inn, almost trapping people inside. This marked the beginning of the Gay Liberation Movement
Gay Liberation Movement
In the 1970s, homosexuals began an effort to win social and legal acceptance and to encourage gays to affirm their sexual identity. Despite some advances, the movement was slowed by the onset of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s and the insistence of the military on banning openly gay individuals from the armed services
New Feminism
This handful of books and movement of sorts was influenced by radical american liberal individualism, women's rights movement that returned following the success of minorities in similar fights for equal rights, new wave of women's rights agitation dating from 1949; emphasized more literal equality that would play down domestic roles and qualities for women
Equal Rights Amendment
Four amendments that gave freedom of voting rights and equal protection under the law to women and minorities, did not pass
Roe v. Wade
1973, Right of Privacy; Whether the Texas law against abortion violates a woman's personal liberty and her right to privacy. Court ruled first trimester abortions OK, and prohibitions of such are unconstitutional
Rachel Carson
American conservationist whose 1962 book "Silent Spring" galvanized the modern environmental movement that gained significant traction in the 1970s
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