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Unit 14

Terms in this set (22)

Activation Energy
minimum amount of energy required to form the activated complex
Inhibitor
a substance the slows down reaction rate
Collision Theory
states that atoms, ions, or molecules must collide in order to react
Intermediate
a substance that is produced and consumed in a chemical reaction, troughs
Rate Law
relates the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentrations of the reactants
Specific Rate Constant
numerical value that relates reaction rate and concentration at a given temperature
Catalyst
substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up
Main Concepts of Collision Theory
substances must collide, particles have specific orientation, and particles have sufficient energy (moving fast enough)
5 Factors that Affect Reaction Rates
1. Concentration
2. Temperature
3. Surface Area
4. Presence of Catalyst/Inhibitor
5. Nature of Reactants
Concentration
the more particles there are --> the more collisions
Temperature
higher temp means faster moving particles --> more collisions with more energy
Surface Area
more surface area more accessible particles for collisions
Presence of Catalyst/ Inhibitor
catalyst --> alternate path that increases the rate; inhibitor --> decrease rate
Nature of Reactants
what they are matter (atoms and bonds present)
Activated Complex
a temporary, unstable arrangement of atoms that may then form products or may break apart to reform the reactants
Complex Reaction
a reaction that occurs in multiple steps
Reaction Rate
the change is in concentration of a reactant or product per unit time
Rate - Determining Step
the overall reaction rate is determined by the slowest step
Reaction Rate as Time Increases
time increases reaction rate decreases --> reactants are consumed there are less to collide, less collisions means a lower rate
0th Order Reactant
no change in reaction rate as concentration increases, graph shows no relationship
1st Order Reactant
rate increases directly as concentration increases, graph shows a linear relationship
2nd Order Reacant
rate increases with the square of the concentration, graph shows an exponential relationship
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