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Holt Life Scienc Unit 4 Cells: The Basic Unit of Life

Terms in this set (24)

Cell
The smallest functional and structural unit of all living organisms; usually consists of a nucleus, cytoplasm and a cell membrane.
Cell Membrane
A phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment.
Organelles
One of the small bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function.
Nucleus
In a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Prokaryotes
A single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; examples are archaea and bacteria.
Eukaryotes
An organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane; eukaryotes include protists, animals, plants, fungi but not archaea or bacteria.
Cell Wall
A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell.
Cytoskeleton
The cytoplasmic network of protein filaments that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division.
Ribosomes
A cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
Mitochondrion
In eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration.
Chloroplasts
An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs.
Golgi Complex
A cell organelle that helps makes and package materials to be transported out of the cell.
Vesicle
A small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell; forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds the materials to be taken into the cell or transported within the cell.
Lysosomes
A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes.
Organism
A living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently.
Function
The special, normal, or proper activity of an organ or part.
Structure
The arrangement of parts in an organism.
Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform a common function.
Organ
A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body.
Organ System
A group of organs that work together to perform body functions.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics
Nucleotides that make up DNA
a nitrogen base, a phosphate group and a sugar
cell theory
states that
- all living things are composed of one or more cells
- cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism
- cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells
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