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Clin Lab 2 bone marrow and anemia

Terms in this set (44)

What type of count is performed to differentiate regenerative from nonregenerative anemia?
reticulocyte
regenerative anemia indicates that the bone marrow is doing what? what should you see on the blood smear?
responding to the anemic state; reticulocytes
What is a reticulocyte?
Immature RBC
describe the staining procedure for staining a slide for a reticulocyte count
mix equal parts blood with equal parts NMB stain, let stand for 15-20 min, make blood smear and evaluate under microscope
What are the two types of reticulocytes? which type is counted?
punctate and aggregates; aggregates
nonregenerative anemia indicates that the bone marrow is doing what?
not responding to the anemic state, retics are not seen on blood smear
which of the two types of anemia would warrant obtaining a bone marrow sample?
nonregenerative
define pancytopenia
decrease in all blood cells
name atleast 5 things to have ready prior to obtaining a bone marrow sample
10-12 microscope slides, bone marrow needles, sterile syringes, surgical scrub prep., #10/#11 scalpel blade
a CBC and retic count should be performed on the patient within how many hours before or after obtaining the bone marrow sample?
24 hours
name the three types of bone marrow needles
Rosenthal needle, Illinois sternal needle, Jamshidi needle
What two types of bone does the active (red) marrow remain in once adulthood is reached?
flat bones and ends of long bones
which type of bone should be sampled in a geriatric patient to obtain a cellular sample?
ilium
which site is preferred for obtaining bone marrow aspiration on a cat or toy breed dog?
head of the femur
which site is preferred for obtaining a bone marrow aspiration on a larger dog?
head of humerus
which site is preferred for obtaining a bone marrow core biopsy in both dogs and cats?
ilium/iliac crest
What type of needle is typically used for obtaining a bone marrow aspiration?
Rosenthal and Illinois Sternal
when inserting the needle for a bone marrow aspirate, how is it rotated?
alternating clockwise- counter clockwise motion
how can you tell if the needle is seated in the bone marrow correctly for a bone marrow aspirate?
it will feel rigid and not move when touched
the style prevents what from being aspirated during the procedure?
core tissue
What are aspirated from the marrow and what should it contain?
fluid and cells; they should contain particles and spicules
how soon should slides be prepared?
immediately
What technique is used to prepare the slides?
squash/compression technique
do these slides require a longer or shorter staining time and why?
longer time due to the thickness of the sample
What type of needle is typically used for obtaining a bone marrow core biopsy?
Jamshidi needle
when obtaining a bone marrow core biopsy, once the needle is seated, what is done differently from when obtaining a bone marrow aspirate?
the style is removed and is advanced forward approximately 1 inch and rotated back and forth while being advanced
after obtaining a core smaple, it is rolled onto what? and then transferred to what?
a slide; formalin jar
What is important to remember in regards to sending in slides and formalin preserved specimens to an outside laboratory?
slides should not be mailed with the formalin preserved specimen
define acellular
containing no cells
define hypocellular
containing a decreased amount of cells
define hypercellular
containing an increased amount of cells
when evaluating bone marrow slides, cellularity refers to the relative amounts of
nucleated cells compared to fat cells
when evaluating bone marrow slides, the 4x/10x objective on the microscope is used to assess:
the adequacy of the sample, if it was stained efficiently, the cellularity
types of myeloid cells seen include:
myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, and metamyelocyte
types of erythroid cells seen include:
rubriblast, prorubriblast, rubricyte, metarubricyte
how many cells are counted when determining an M:E ratio?
500
What is the normal M:E ratio ranges for both dogs and cats?
0.75:1.0 to 2.0:1.0
name three other cells that can be found in bone marrow:
plasma cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, possibly mast cells
name at least two pathogenic organisms that can be observed in bone marrow cytology
Histoplasma spp., Mycobacterium spp., Cytauxzoon felis, Babesia spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Mycoplasma spp., Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp.
Define neoplasia
The formation or presence of a new, abnormal growth of tissue
neoplasia is classified as either _______ or ______
lymphoproliferative or myeloproliferative
What is the common term for when neoplastic cells are seen in blood and/or bone marrow?
leukemia
leukemia is divided into what two types?
acute and chronic
Define anemia
decreased number of RBC'S
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