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Lecture 25

Terms in this set (20)

What is one effect of the decline of the traditional uses of plants, particularly in the west?
We are lacking phytonutrients, which is nutrients we only can get when we eat plants. Health ailments could be prevented with regular consumption of phytonutrients
What are the top 2 leading causes of death of Americans? Can these, at least in some part, be influenced by diet?
heart disease and cancer

YES
What form of heart disease is the leading killer of Americans? For the average American, what is the most important factor controlling cholesterol?
Coronary artery disease, can be avoided by lowering LDL's and sugar intake
What are common carcinogens we may encounter on a regular basis? Can a diet cause cancer?
certain microbes
UV
chemicals
Radon
gene mutations
tobacco smoke
diet
How can diet promote or reduce risk of cancers? According to the American Institute of Cancer Research (AICR), what percent of cancers have a dietary link?
Diet can cause cancer or prevent cancer, simply by what you are eating. 30-40% of cancers are linked to dietary choices.
What seems to be more important in causing cancers when relating to diet: what is being eaten & drank -or- what is missing from the diet in the first place?
what is missing from the diet in the first place
What is the leading preventable cause of death and disease in the US? What is the 2nd leading preventable cause of death and disease in the US?
1 - smoking
2 - diet
Why did the National Cancer Institute launch its "5 A Day" initiative in 1999?
It recommended up to 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day and can slash the risk of cancer by more than 25%
The American Institute of Cancer Research upped that # to how many fruits and vegetables per day?
9 servings per day
What are phytonutrients?
very small nutrients. These are nutrients that can only be obtained from plants. They include carotenoids, flavonoids, isoflavones, isothiocyanates, ligans, phenolic compounds, saponins, and terpenes.
Why is broccoli potentially very effective in warding off cancer?
Chemopreventive chemicals known as dithiolethiones inhibit tumor growth
What is the name of the special compound associated with the highly anti-cancer and chemopreventive nature of broccoli?
sulforaphane (google doc said glucosinolate...)
What are other relatives of broccoli (in the Brassicaceae) that are also beneficial?
Brussel Sprout is possibly the best for you, loaded with nutrients like glucosinolate compounds but broccoli seems to be more popular. Cauliflower and cabbage are also included and have chemopreventative chemicals known as dithiolthiones, which inhibit tumors of the lung, colon, breast and bladder.
What health benefits are associated with the consumption of pumpkins?
Protection against colds and flus
Regulates blood sugar
Pumpkin & BPH*
When considering carrots and vitamin A, is it better to eat our vitamin A or to take it in high doses from supplements?
better to eat our vitamin A
How can soy foods act like medicine?
prevents Breast and prostate cancer, Heart disease* and Osteoporosis

Tyrosine kinase: necessary for cancer to initiate and progress and metastasize
Soybean contains a tyrosine kinase inhibitor
What type of berry is especially good at perhaps preventing the effects of aging? Is it okay to cook these berries (in regards to nutrient absorption)? What was a notable positive side effect of the blueberry study that we studied in class?
blueberries

Contains: anthocyanins
Health benefits - prevention:
Brain aging
Heart disease
Cancer

Happy side effect from eating blueberries

More nutritious when cooked
How are apples useful? Are all apple varieties equal? How does sun exposure influence antioxidant production in the fruits?
Contain: quercetin, pectin
Health benefits:
Reduce heart attack risk by 32%
Diabetes


Most nutritious apples
Honeycrisp
Granny smith
Gala

The best apples come from the top of the tree where they get the most sunlight = higher antioxidants
What are some sources of the omega-3 fatty acids?
flaxseed, walnuts, canola oil, seafood and fish-oil
Why did we start augmenting infant formula with DHA?
It is associated with higher IQ
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