Human Sexuality

What are the three aspects related to the legal definition of obscenity as related to pornography?
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What are the three aspects related to the legal definition of obscenity as related to pornography?
1. Appeals to the prurient interest (that is characterized by lascivious thoughts; lascivious meaning feeling or revealing an overt and often offensive sexual desire...no blurred lines there...)

2. Offends contemporary community standards

3. Lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value
What characterized compulsive users of online pornography based on information discussed in lecture? (i.e. amount of time spent per week and outcomes associated with)
Compulsive users: 6% identified as those who spend over 11 hours per week engaging in online sexual activities

Compulsive users have been found to experience loss of interest in sex with their partner; desensitization to pornography; their partners and children also experience psychological side effects
What were the 4 key points related to finding ethical or fair-trade pornography? [lecture]
1. Treat actors with respect: Actors are given agency, fair pay, access to health care

2. Show real sex and real pleasure

3. Emphasize diversity - without fetishizing it

4. You sometimes get what you pay for - in other words typically best quality products are NOT free
What are the three main types of female prostitution? Which one would likely face the greatest risk of violence and highest rates of drug abuse? [text & lecture]
Streetwalkers
Call "girls"
Brothel workers
What is the most commonly purchased service from a prostitute? [text & lecture]
Oral Sex: Fellatio - 50%
Be familiar with the brief overview in the lecture notes related to the 5 types of legal approaches common for sex work. What is a concern with partial criminalization? What is unique about the Swedish model? [lecture]
Criminalization, Partial Criminalization, Swedish Model, Legalization, Decriminalization
What percent of sex trafficking victims are thought to be rescued? [lecture]
1%
Approximately what percent of pregnancies in the United States each year are unintended? What are the risks associated with unintended pregnancies? [text & lecture]
51%
What are some unreliable birth control methods? [text & lecture]
Withdrawal
• Douching
• Lactational Amenorrhea Method
• Different sex positions
Be familiar with Table 5.2 in your text and information provided in lecture related to typical use and perfect use rates. What forms would have the most similar typical and perfect use rates? [text & lecture, remember to think about how methods fail and chance for user error]
Most Effective:
- Surgical (tubes tied)
- IUD
- Hormonal implant
How do fertility awareness-based methods work? What are key things to look for during a female's monthly cycle to be aware of times of peak fertility? [text and lecture]- Use barrier backup or abstain on fertile days - Track when the egg will be released and when the best time to fertilize is - Look for temperature and thickening of vaginal mucusWhat are the potential benefits of using a receptive/female condom? How does it compare to the male condom related to prevention of STIs? [text & lecture]- A female condom prevents STIs more than a male condom because it covers a larger area of the genitalsHow does the contraceptive patch work? How many times do you change the patch within the monthly cycle? [text & lecture]3 times a month (every week skip last) continuous release of hormones to prevent pregnancyWhat are the different types of IUDs? How do they work? How long does Mirena (with hormones) protect against pregnancy? [text & lecture]Work until taken out. Inserted in bodyBe familiar with the information about emergency contraception in your text and as discussed in lecture. What are some of the common misconceptions and concerns? Does research support this? How does it compare in effectiveness to other forms of contraception? [text and lecture for last question]should not be used in replace of other kinds of contraceptives 1/9 or 11% have reported using itBe familiar with facts presented in lecture about abortions. For example, what statistics were discussed related to who typically gets abortions in the U.S. - i.e. first time pregnancy, already mothers, religious, not religious? [some text ch. 9 and all in lecture]54% of women who have abortions reported having used a contraceptive method Among those women, 76% of pill users and 49% of condom users report having used their method inconsistentlyWhat were the overall points related to abortion? (i.e. role of access to contraception; services for men; what makes a woman more at risk for negative psychological symptoms following an abortion?) [all in lecture, but also discussed in text ch. 9]Related to "Choosing Not to Have a Child," what percentage of women of childbearing age in the United States identifies themselves as voluntarily childless? [text, ch. 9 pg. 318-320]6-7%What percentage of known pregnancies end in miscarriage? [text and lecture]15-20%What are common pregnancy symptoms? [lecture and text]Implantation bleeding Missed period Swollen/tender breasts Darkening areolas Fatigue/tiredness Nausea/morning sickness Backache Headache Frequent urination Food cravingsRead about the different stages of labor. What happens during stage 3? [text, pg. 344-366]The placenta is expelled from the uterusAccording to information presented in lecture, what are current c-section rates in the U.S.? What is recommended by the World Health Organization? What are some of the reasons given for an increase in cesarean sections both in your text and during lecture?31.9% Recommended is 10-15% costAccording to information on the chart related to "interventions in first-time mothers with term births who experienced labor" what is the connection between induction, epidurals, and cesarean section births? [discussion and chart from lecture; some info in text also]if double no its 5% if double yes its 31%Related to "Postpartum Issues" and the "Sexual Activities after Childbirth," what is the average amount of time most couples wait before engaging in intercourse after the birth of the baby? [text, pg. 354-355]at least 6 weeksReview the slide in the condensed lecture notes related to "who handled conversations about sex in your home." What does research show? What were the general patterns? For example, what percent responded that nobody handled conversations? What percent relied on their mom, dad or both?A. Mom = 32% B. Dad = 9% C. Both = 19% D. Someone else = 9% E. Nobody = 31%Review the following lecture slides -- "Do parents talk about sexuality? Do children listen" and "Research shows..." What does research indicate related to the impact of talking to a child about sex related to later attitudes and behaviors?• Children whose parents talk to them are more likely than others to postpone sexual activity. • When they do become sexually active, they have fewer partners and are more likely to use contraceptives.From lecture, be familiar with information from the slides, "What Can Parents Do?" and "Follow these useful tips to help answer your child's questions about sexuality."Under the section in your text "Sexuality in Infancy and Childhood" and the slides "Sexuality in Infancy and Childhood" and "Preschool Years," what do experts in child development say about genital touching/self-stimulation? [text and lecture]such behaviors are usually normal signs of childhood curiosity and a healthy enjoyment of activities that feel goodFrom Olga's lecture (also in your text), what type of sexuality education is most supported by parents and what kind of sexuality education receives the highest amounts of funding and is most likely to be taught in schools?Olga showed a graph that compared condom use across ages. What comparisons can be made related to condom use among teens and college-aged adults? Who is more likely to use condoms? [This is also in your text, Figure 12.3 and 12.4 on page 459 and"Sexuality in College" section]Younger people and then males more then femalesBe familiar with the 4 P's discussed related to STIs.1. Keep your perspective. Having an STI is not the end of the world. With treatment, education, and safe sex practices, you can still have a fulfilling and satisfying sex life. 2. Call your provider. Getting treatment is important. This step can be embarrassing. It is good to build a partnership with your healthcare provider and learn to be in charge of and responsible for your health. 3. Tell your partner(s). More on this next. 4. Consider prevention. Think ahead. Communicate. Educate.Understand the influence of symptoms or LACK of symptoms (asymptomatic) related to STIs? Do most people know they have an STI? [text & lecture]Most people don't know they have an STI because you cant see most of themWhat are some common reasons people do not get STI testing? [lecture]1. Stigma 2. Unaware of resources/costs/process/etc. 3. Have only had one or a few partners so they underestimate their risk 4. Have not had vaginal or anal penetration therefore again underestimate risk 5. When they do get tested, falsely assume the test covers ALL the STIsHow are bacterial STIs treated? Do they go away? [text & some lecture]• Treatable with antibiotics; Left untreated can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, in rare cases death. Treatment is less complicated and typically fairly easy when bacterial STIs are treated early.What is the most common bacterial STI in the U.S.? How is it transmitted? What are the symptoms? [text and lecture]• Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STI. • NGU is a newly classified STI. • Syphilis and Gonorrhea have been on the rise among men who have sex with men (MSM).What type of STI is herpes? What are the symptoms and treatments? [text & some lecture]ViralWhats bacterial vaginosis? What are the symptoms and risk factors related to it? [lecture]the most common cause of unhealthy vaginal discharge. Symptoms often include an increase in discharge and a strong "fishy" odor. Risk factors include multiple sexual partners, changing to a new partner, douching, inconsistent condom use.What behaviors are recommended related to safer-sex approaches? [text & lecture]1. Decrease number of partners 2. Know the sexual backgrounds of your partners 3. Have protected sex, including for vaginal, oral, anal sex 4. Engage in "outer-course" aka non-penetrative sexually intimate behaviors 5. Limit alcohol intakeAccording to Reid's Safer Sex Elevator Speech, how should the conversation about STIs be started with a potential partner? [lecture]ask or mention about sti testingAs discussed in your text and lecture notes, what are some concerns related to the current transmission rates of HIV? [text and lecture]1. the erroneous belief that current treatments make the effects of HIV less serious 2. the current generation did not experience the devastating impact of the earlier years of AIDS and subsequently have not received the same level of education about it.In the lecture notes related to HIV for Kamaria's story, what is the advice she offers to others? Notice how her discussion of being a "good girl" aligns with the ideas related to the "punishment concept" of STIs as we discussed in lecture.Dont let people push you around. Just try and live your life the best way possible. There is no good girl image. HIV can happen to everyoneWhat is Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and what were the five main points in the notes?1. Daily course of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) taken by HIV-negative people to protect themselves from infection. 2. Evidence shows that, when taken consistently and correctly, PrEP reduces the chances of HIV infection to near-zero. 3. PrEP is cost effective, and there is growing demand for it from people at higher risk of HIV infection, but the scale and coverage outside the USA currently remains extremely limited. 4. PrEP does not protect against other STIs so needs to be delivered as part of a comprehensive package of HIV/STI prevention services. 5. PrEP's effectiveness decreases rapidly if not taken regularly as prescribed, so addressing the barriers preventing adherence is key to success.What were the main themes related to sexuality and disability as presented on the last day of class?What are some suggested ways to keep a healthy sexual response cycle in older age?Kegel exercises for males and femalesBe familiar with the information about asexuality presented through the brief slideshow link in the lecture notes.