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Anticoagulants, Antiplatelet Agents, & Fibrolytics

Terms in this set (40)

What are the two stages of hemostasis?
Formation of platelet plug, reinforcement of platelet plug with fibrin (coagulation).
How does heparin work as an anticoagulant?
Assists antithrombin in inactivating thrombin & factor Xa
How does warfarin work as an anticoagulant?
Decreases synthesis of clotting factors dependent on vitamin K
How do thrombolytic drugs work?
Promote conversion of plasminogen to plasmin
Arterial thrombi cause what kind of injury?
Local injury
Venous thrombi cause what type of injury
Distal injury
Name the three categories of drugs for thromboembolic disorders? Where in the vascular system do they work?
Anticoagulants - veins, Antiplatelet agents - arteries, Thrombolytics - veins or arteries
What factors does heparin deactivate? What does this prevent?
Assists antithrombin in deactivating thrombin & factor Xa to prevent more venous thrombi.
What factor do low molecular weight anticoagulants deactivate?
Factor Xa
Which anticoagulant can be given during pregnancy?
Heparin
What is the antidote for heparin?
Protamine sulfate
Which lab is used to monitor heparin? What is the recommended range?
aPTT 1.5-2X the control
What potentially-fatal disorder occurs with heparin?
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
List contraindications to heparin.
Thrombocytopenia; uncontrollable bleeding; surgery of eye, brain, or spinal cord; lumbar puncture or regional anesthesia
List signs and symptoms indicative of bleeding?
Decreased BP, increased HR, gum bleeding, bruises, petechiae, hematomas, red or black/tarry stools, discolored/cloudy urine, pelvic pain from ovaries, headache or faintness, lumbar pain from adrenal gland
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