Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

CVT 115 Heart Failure

Terms in this set (52)

ACE (angiotensin-converting-enzyme) Inhibitor
a pharmacologic agent used to control blood pressure, improve left ventricular performance and increase survival in heart failure patients
Arrhythmia
an abnormal heart rhythm (too fast, too slow, or irregular)
Ascites
fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity, usually resulting from elevated venous pressure in the liver. Ascites is associated with advanced heart disease
Atria
the upper chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lower chambers (ventricle)
Atrial Fibrillation (AF)
a very fast, disorganized heart rhythm that starts in the atria
Atrial Tachycardia (AT)
a rapid heart rate that starts in the atria (includes AF, and Atrial flutter)
Atriovenricular (AV) node
a junction that conducts electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles of the heart
Atrioventricular (AV)Synchrony
the normal activation sequence of the heart in which the atria contract and then, after a brief delay, the ventricles contract. The loss of AV synchrony can have significant circulatory effect in the cardiovascular system. Dual chambers pacemakers are designed to maintain AV synchrony.
Beta-Blocker
a pharmacologic agent that limits norepinephrine release from the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), thereby decreasing heart rate and blood pressure. Beta-blocker have been shown to improve exercise tolerance and survival in heart failure patients
Bradycardia (Bradyarrhythmia)
an abnormally slow heart rhythm, normally less than 60 beats per minute
Cardiac Arrest
the stopping of the heartbeat, usually because of interference with an electrical signal. if left untreated, it is life threatening
Cardiac Index
the cardiac output based on body surface area. A low cardiac index is a clinical indicator of decompensate heart failure
Cardiac Output
the volume of blood, measured in liters, ejected by the heart in one minute. Cardiac output is the product of heart rate and stroke volume. Normally about four to six liters per minute, depending on the size of theindividual
Cardiac Resynchronization
device therapy used to re-establish ventricular synchrony in patients with heart failure-induced ventricular conduction problems and cardiac dilatation. Cardiac resynchronization decreases ventricular dysynchrony improving the mechanical activities of the right and left ventricles
Cardiomyopathy
a diagnostic term indicating structural damage to the myocardium. Classified as dilated (enlarged), hypertrophic (excessively thick myocardium) or restrictive (stiff myocardium)
Cardioversion
termination of an atrial or ventricular tachyarrythmia (other than ventricular fibrillation) by the delivery of a direct low-energy electrical current that is synchronized to a specific instant during the heartbeat (during the ventricular depolarization). Synchronization of the shock prevents shocking during periods that could cause ventricular fibrillation.
Compensated Heart failure
an abnormal condition in which the damaged heart maintains sufficient cardiac output by using normal compensatory mechanisms
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
blockage of one or more coronary arteries that may result in poor blood flow to the myocardium. CAD is a leading cause of heart failure
Diastole
the period of the cardiac cycle during which the chambers relax to fill with blood
Dilatation
enlargement of the heart chambers due to myocardial stretching
Dyspnea
shortness of breath, a classic symptom of heart failure
Edema
abnormal fluid accumulation (swelling).. In heart failure, edema occurs because pressure builds up in veins, causing fluid to leak into surrounding tissue. Commonly seen in the lungs or extremities
Ejection Fraction
the percentage of blood pumped from the ventricles per heartbeat, used to evaluate the efficiency of he left ventricular emptying. Normal EF is 55-65%
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
a graphical representation of the electrical activity of the heart
Electrophysiologist
a cardiologist who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of heart rhythm disorder
Hemodynamic
the forces involved in circulating blood through the the cardiovascular system. The heart adapts its hemodnamic performance to the need of the body, increasing its output of blood when muscles are working and decreasing output when the body is at rest
Heart Block
a condition in which electrical impulses are not conducted in the normal fashion from the atria to the ventricles
Heart Failure term
the inability of he heart to efficiently pump blood to the body, characterized by difficulty breathing, chronic fatigue and fluid retnetion
Holter Monitoring
a technique for the continuous recording of electrocardiographic (ECG) signals, usually over 24 hours, to detect and diagnose heart rhythm problems(also called ambulatory monitoring)
InSync Therapy
the name of a heart failure therapy developed by Medtronic. The therapy uses and implantable medical device and leads designed specifically to provide resynchronization therapy for people who have heart failure and problems with electical conduction
Interventicular conduction delay (IVCD)
a delay in the transmission of an electrical impulse, manifested by a prolonged QRS duration of greater than 120 milliseconds. IVCD's can cause abnormal left ventricular activation (vntricular dysynchrony)
Ischemia
a decrease in the supply of oxygenated blood to vital organs or body tissue due to obstruction of blood vessels, Cardiac ischemia is marked by chest pain and may lead to tissue damage (myocardial infraction)
Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD)
an external or implantable pump used to provide circulatory support for patients waiting for heart transplant
Myocardial Infarction
death of the heart muscle caused by an interruption of blood flow to the are. Sometimes called heart attack
NYHA class
a scale used to classify the severity of symptoms in heart failure, based on degree of physical exertion needed to produce symptoms.
Class I (mild, no symptoms with normal activity).
Class II (mild), symptoms with moderate activity. Class III (moderate), symptoms with minimal or mild activity.
Class IV (severe), symptoms while at rest
Pacemaker
an implantable devise that treats bradycardia and restores the natural rhythm of the heart
Resynchronization Therapy (Biventricular Pacing)
a term used to describe the effort to resynchronize the contractions of the ventricles by sending tiny electrical impulses to the heart muscle. Resynchronizing the contractions of the ventricles helps the heart pump blood more efficiently and should decrease he symptoms of heart failure
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
the hearts natural pacemaker located in the right atrium. Electrical impulses originate here and travel through the heart, causing it to beat
Swan-Ganz catheterization
a diagnosis method used to assess cardiac output and pressures in the right heart chambers and pulmonary artery
Systole
the period of the cardiac cycle during which a heart chamber contracts to eject blood
Tachycardia (Tachyarrhythmia)
a category of the rhythm disorders characterized by an abnormal rapid beating o f either or both chambers of the heart, usually defined as a rate over 100 beats per minute
Ventricle
one of the two lower chambers of the heart
Ventricular Dysynchrony
an abnormal ventricular activation pattern, sometimes caused by interior intra-vnetricular conduction delays (IVCD's). This occurs in approximately 30% of sever heart failure cases
Ventricular Remodeling
a change in the size or shape of the left ventricle due to damage or physical stress from chronic high blood pressure and blood volume
Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)
a rapid heart rate that starts in the ventricles. During VT, the heart does not have time to fill with enough blood between heartbeats to supply the entire body with sufficient blood. It may cause dizziness or light heartedness and can be dangerous or even life threatening if it progresses to ventricular fibrillation.
Heart Failure
when heart is unable to pump sufficient amount of blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body at normal filling pressures, provided venous return is normal
Can heart failure be on both sides right and left sided?
yes
How many types of failure are there ?
2
Forward Failure
reduced ejection means systolic dysfunction
Forward Failure is due
Impaired contractilty
Increased after load (increased resistance to flow)
Forward Failure is due
MI } potential akinesis
transient myocardial ischemia}hypokinesis, necrosis
volume overload
Volume overload includes
mitral insufficiency, AI
dilated cardiomyopathy
stretched fibers=decreased contractility
Sets with similar terms