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phl final exam

Terms in this set (41)

6 branches of philosphy
Aesthetics, epistemology, ethics, logic, metaphysics, and political philosophy
deductive arguments
the premises are intended to provide such strong support for the conclusion that, if the premises are true, then it would be impossible for the conclusion to be false. for EX: its sunny in florida. if its sunny in florida, then he wont be carrying an umbrella. so, he wont be carrying an umbrella
parts of a argument
claim, support, reasons, evidence, counter argument
What are the two main parts of an argument
premises and conclusion
inductive argument
an argument that is intended by the arguer to be strong enough that, if the premises were to be rule, then it would be PROBABLE that the concludion is false. Weak arguments for example: every time ive walked by the dog, it hasn't tried to bite me. so, the next time i walk by the dog it wont try to bit me
cosmological argument
an argument for the existence of God that claims that all things in nature depend on something else for their existence (i.e., are contingent), and that the whole cosmos must therefore itself depend on a being that exists independently or necessarily.
priori argument
an argument based on experience
valid argument
If a deductive argument is valid, that means the reasoning process behind the inferences is correct and there are no fallacies.
sound argument
If a deductive argument is sound, that means that not only are all the inferences true, but the premises are also true. Hence, the conclusion is necessarily true.
three main arguments for the existence of god
the ontological argument, cosmological argument, teleological argument
william paleys design argument and humes responses
Paley uses these intuitions about the origins of a found watch as a reason to believe that animals and plants owe their existence to intelligent design. "humes responses with an examination of analogy. claims that analogy compares two things and on the basis of there similarites, allows us to draw conclusion about the objects. the more closely wach thing resembles the other, the more accurate the conclusion. so, a good analogy does not compare say, pencils to donkeys"
the problem of evil
god is all powerful, all knowing, and all good
an all good being would want to prevent all evil it knows about
an all powerful being could prevent all evil it knows about
an all knowing being would know of all evil
thus, if god exists, evil doesnt
there is evil
therefore, wither god doesnt exist, or god is not omnipotent, or god is not all good, or god is not all knowing, or evil doesnt exist.
descrates first item of knowledge
Cogito Ergo Sum- i think therefore i am
justified true belief
1. one must believe the statement.
2. ones belief must be true
3. ones belief must be justified
Ungers argument from certainty
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