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AP final

Terms in this set (187)

Vitamin D precursor production NOT
vit. C is a function of the skin
The epidermis is NOT
an accessory structure of the skin.
A thorn would pierce
5 layers through the THICK skin of the sole of the foot.
Keratinocytes are the
predominant cell of the epidermis
6. The epidermis does NOT have
vascularization as one of its characteristics
7. Cyanosis signifies that there is not enough
oxygen bound to hemoglobin in the arterial blood.
8. The melanocytes that produce
melanin are in the stratum basale.
9. Adipocytes are the common cell of the
subcutaneous layer (hypodermis).
11. Goose bumps are formed with the contraction of the
arrector pili muscle.
12. Hair follicles are NOT lost during the
resting phase of hair growth.
13. Terminal hair is
course and pigmented.
14. Merocrine sweat glands are most numerous and are involved in
thermoregulation.
15. Apocrine sweat glands are located in the
axilla and groin.
16. The eponychium is the skin commonly called the
cuticle.
17. Maintenance of constant internal environment is referred to as
homeostasis.
18. The respiratory system removes
carbon dioxide from the bloodstream.
19. Negative feedback occurs to return to the
homeostatic set-point.
20. The "upper right" is NOT an
abdominopelvic region.
21. One is supine when
laying on their back.
22. The liver is in the
upper right quadrant
23. The wrist is distal to the
elbow.
24. The sagittal plane divides the body into
right and left halves.
25. The heart is medial to the
lungs.
26. The thoracic cavity contains the
pericardial and pleural cavities.
29. The receptor, control center and effector are components of a
negative feedback system.
30. A person in the anatomical position is
standing, arms at the side with palms facing forward and feet together.
31. The hydrogen bonds of water makes it a good
solvent
32. An ion with an extra electrode has a
negative charge.
33. The electrons give atoms their
chemical reactivity.
34. The ATP is produced in the mitochondria in the presence of
oxygen
35. Squamous cells are
flat and numerous on the epidermis.
37. Osmosis moves
fluid across a semipermeable membrane.
During transcription
RNA copies the code from DNA. Translation occurs out of the nucleus with rRNA & tRNA.
38. DECREASED body temperature is NOT
included in the inflammatory response.
40. A positive feedback system INCREASES a
homeostatic disturbance.
41. Hydrophobic molecules do not easily
dissolve in water
42. An alkali has a pH greater than
7
43. pH is the
negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration.
44. The epidermis and dermis are the two main components of
the cutaneous membrane.
45. The third layer pierced in thick skin is the
startum granulosum.
46. The nail's free edge has no
underlying blood vessels and appears white.
47. While aging the hair has less
functional melanocytes producing melanin.
48. An albino does not produce
melanin
1. Temperature regulation is NOT a function of the
skeletal system.
2. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the
skeletal system.
3. The carpal bones are
short bones.
4. Tubercles are features on the
proximal humerus.
5. Articular cartilage is present on the
epiphyses
6. Osteoblasts
secrete osteoid
7. Bone matrix is dissolved by the
osteoclasts
8. The osteocyte is located within a
lacuna
9. Calcium phosphate comprises about 2/3 of the
bone weight.
10. Osteogenic cells differentiate into
osteoblasts.
11. The osteon's central canal contains
blood vessels & nerves.
12. Trabeculae are the interconnecting struts within
spongy bone.
13. Bones become thicker with
appositional growth.
14. A cartilaginous model is part of
endochondral ossification.
15. Clavicles (flat bones) are formed with
intramembranous ossification.
16. Calcitonin decreases
blood calcium.
17. Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoclasts & increases
blood calcium.
18. The pectoral girdle is NOT part of the
axial skeleton.
19. The coronal suture articulates the
frontal and parietal bones.
21. Dense fibrous connective tissues are part
of suture joints.
22. Gina got a black eye when struck in the
zygomatic bone
23. The lambdoid suture articulates the
occipital and parietal bones.
24. The inferior nasal choncha (& other conchae) create
turbulence of airflow in the nasal cavity.
25. The frontal bone is NOT part of the
facial bone group.
26. The external acoustic meatus is part of the
temporal bone.
27. The bony roof of the mouth is formed with the
maxillae and palantine bones.
28. The sella turcica is a feature of the
sphenoid bone.
29. The malleus ossicle touches the
tympanic membrane.
30. The vertebral body transfers
weight of the body along the vertebral column.
31. The axis (C2) contains the
dens (odontoid process).
32. There are 5
lumbar vertebrae.
33. The sacrum does NOT articulate with
L2 & L3.
34. The ribs articulate with the
thoracic vertebrae.
35. The costal groove of the rib is on the
inferior border & contains blood vessels & nerves.
36. While performing CPR you've been trained to avoid
the xiphoid process of the sternum.
37. The clavicle articulates with the scapula at the
acromion.
38. The scapula articulates with the humerus at the
glenoid cavity.
39. The ulna is medial to the
radius
the most proximal and medial carpal bones are
pisiform
41. The ileum, ischium & pubis fuse at the
acetabulum.
42. The distal tibia articulates with the
talus.
44. The amphiarthrotic joints are
slightly movable.
45. The synovial joints are
diarthrotic joints.
46. Synovial fluid does NOT increase
the osmotic pressure of a joint.
47. The ulna and humerus create a
hinge joint.
48. The hip joint is an example of a
ball-in-socket synovial joint.
49. Spreading fingers is an example of
abduction.
50. A ballerina stands on their toes with
plantar flexion.
1. Fluid balance is not a function of
skeletal muscle.
3. Tendons are formed from
epimysium, perimysium & endomysium.
4. Endomysium covers the
muscle fiber.
5. Sarcoplasmic reticulum stores & releases
calcium.
6. Myofibrils are composed of
sarcomeres.
7. The M line is in the center of the
A band and attaches myosin.
8. Actin attaches to the
Z lines.
9. Active sites on G actin are blocked by
tropomyosin at rest.
10. The actin and myosin do NOT change
length during contraction.
11. Cross-bridges are produced when
myosin attaches to actin.
12. Actin is
thin
myosin
thick
13. The neuromuscular junction is where
acetylcholine receptors are located.
14. Potassium is more concentrated in the
intracellular fluid.
16. Neurons and muscle cells are
excitable
15. The RMP of a skeletal muscle is produced by the balance of
of sodium in the ECF & potassium in the ICF.
17. Repolarization would be blocked if
potassium channels were blocked.
18. T-tubules conduct the action potential into
the myofibrils.
19. Muscle would be relaxed or non-functional if
acetylcholine receptors were blocked.
20. Each muscle fiber is controlled by a branch of a motor neuron at the
neuromuscular junction.
21. Calcium ion is released from the SR as a result of the
excitation-contraction coupling.
22. Slow twitch muscle fibers are more
resistant to fatigue.
23. The agonist is the muscle that produces a
given movement when contracting.
24. Isometric contractions occur without
joint movement.
25. The muscle insertion is the attachment that
moves
26. Circular muscle arrangements
control body openings.
27. The origin is the stationary attachment of
skeletal muscle.
28. A prime mover is also an
agonist.
29. Muscles that are paired to control adduction and abduction are
agonists and antagonists to each other.
30. The pectoralis major was on the
anterior diagram.
35. The trumpet player would develop the
buccinators and orbicularis oris.
36. The sternocleidomastoid inserts on the
mastoid process.
37. The hyoglossus would originate on the
hyoid bone and insertion on the tongue.
38. The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medialis and intermediate are the
quadriceps.
39. The diaphragm does NOT compress the
abdomen.
40. The intrinsic muscles of the hand originate in
hand
41. Reflection of the trapezius would reveal the
rhomboids and levator scapula.
42. A baseball pitcher would want to develop the
deltoids and triceps.
43. The rectus abdominis is known as the
"six-pack".
44. The supinators would NOT move the
pectoral girdle.
45. The suffix "glossus" refers to the
tongue.
46. The rhomboids are NOT included in the
rotator cuff group.
47. The pectoralis major inserts on the
humerus * adducts it.
48. The rectus femoris does NOT produce
knee flexion.
49. When WALKING the gastrocnemius is invoved in
plantar flexion
when STANDING
the soleus that is involved.
50. The trapezius is NOT a
deep back muscle.
Production of ATP is NOT a function of the
nervous system(NS).
The autonomic NS controls the
organs of the body.
the basic functional unit of the NS.
neuron
graded potentials summate at the
axon hillock to make an action
potential.
the intercellular communication site of neurons.
synapses
Unipolar neurons
transport sensory action potentials.
Sensory neurons synapse at the
posterior horn of the spinal cord.
The white mater contains
myelinated axons.
If voltage-gated sodium channels were blocked
action potentials would not be generated on the axon.
An unmyelinated axon propagates
an action potential continuously.
Ependymal cells produce
cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).
EPSP's make an action potential more likely to occur
due to more sodium entering the cell.
Spinal cord has ____ regions and ___ spinal nerves.
5,31
Spinal nerves have both
afferent and efferent neurons within.
The cauda equine begins at about
L2 in the adult.
A baroreceptor is NOT part of a
stretch reflex arc.
The meninges surround the
spinal cord and brain.
19. The arachnoid mater is where the
CSF is located.
The conus medullaris is fixed in position at the age
of 2-45 years.
Sensory nuclei receive
afferent information and the motor nuclei issue
efferent action potentials.
The epineurium is the
outermost connective tissue covering of the spinal nerves.
During a flexor reflex the
extremity is moved away from the source of
stimulus.
The cervical plexus distributes to the
head and neck.
The conus medullaris is NOT a
division of the brain.
The CSF flows from the 4 th ventricle into the
central canal.
The thalamus relays most sensory information to the
cerebrum.
The involuntary centers for HR & BP control are in the
medulla oblongata.
The falx cerebri is the dural fold that projects into the
longitudinal fissure.
The dura folds to produce the CSF
superior sagittal sinus.
The CSF is reabsorbed into the venous volume through arachnoid granulation in the
superior sagittal sinus.
The arbor vitae is the branching white mater within the
cerebellum.
The corticospinal tract is a
descending tract.
Increases alertness results from stimulation of the
reticular formation.
The dysfunction of the substantia nigra within the mid brain causes
Parkinson's DZ.
Hunger, thirst & temp control are maintained in the
hypothalamus.
Optic nerves carry visual info to the
occipital lobes.
The trigeminal carrys most sensory information from the
face
The eye muscles are controlled by CN's
III, IV & VI.
The sympathetic (SNS) extends from the
thoracolumbar spinal cord.
Short pre-ganglionic neurons are exclusive to the
SNS
The preganglionic neuron of the parasympathetic (PNS) exits
the brains stem.
Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter of the
PNS.
Olfactory neurons extend through the cribriform plate of the
ethmoid bone.
The gustatory papilla is NOT one of the
papillae of the tongue.
The ciliary bodies change the shape of the
lens in the eye.
A ray of light entering the eye will go through the
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous body on the way to the retina.
Sound waves travel to the tympanic membrane that vibrates
the malleus then incus then stapes to the oval window.
The utricle and saccule provide the sense of
gravity, being motionless &
accelerating.
The hair cells within the cochlear duct
of the cochlea contain the hair cells.
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